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LL-37
Immune & InflammationPhase 2LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, derived from the C-terminus of the human CAP18 protein. It is produced by epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells in response to infection and inflammation.
Overview
Key Takeaways
- →Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity
- →Wound healing acceleration
- →Biofilm disruption
At A Glance
LL-37 disrupts bacterial cell membranes through electrostatic interactions with anionic phospholipids, forming pores that lead to membrane disintegration — effective against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. It also modulates innate immunity by acting as a chemokine for neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, activating Toll-like receptor signaling, and inducing angiogenesis. Anti-cancer activity may involve direct tumor cell membrane disruption and immune activation.
LL-37 disrupts bacterial cell membranes through electrostatic interactions with anionic phospholipids, forming pores that lead to membrane disintegration — effective against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. It also modulates innate immunity by acting as a chemokine for neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, activating Toll-like receptor signaling, and inducing angiogenesis. Anti-cancer activity may involve direct tumor cell membrane disruption and immune activation.
Overview
LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, derived from the C-terminus of the human CAP18 protein. It is produced by epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells in response to infection and inflammation. Research spans antimicrobial applications, wound healing, immunomodulation, and potential anti-cancer properties.
Potential Benefits
Potential Research Fields
Chemical Information
IUPAC Name
Leu-Leu-Gly-Asp-Phe-Phe-Arg-Lys-Ser-Lys... (37 amino acid sequence)
CAS Number
154947-66-7
Molecular Formula
C205H340N60O53S
Molecular Mass
4493.4 g/mol
Dosing & Protocols
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Research
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Interactions
Interaction Matrix
Contraindications
Known autoimmune conditions (may exacerbate immune response). Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Active systemic infection requiring specific antimicrobials.
Research Disclaimer
This interaction data is compiled from published research and community reports. It may not be exhaustive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds.
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Research Score
3013 PubMed studies
Quality Indicators
Data Completeness
75%Research Credibility
Well-researched compound
Quick Facts
Molecular Weight
4493.4 g/mol
CAS Number
154947-66-7
Trial Phase
Phase 2
Safety Profile
Moderate RiskCommon Side Effects
- • Injection site pain and inflammation
- • Transient fever (immune activation)
- • Nausea
Stop Use If
- Sepsis or uncontrolled systemic infection
- Autoimmune conditions — may exacerbate
Research Disclaimer
This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not intended as medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is LL-37 used for in research?
LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, derived from the C-terminus of the human CAP18 protein. It is produced by epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells in response to infection and inflammation. Research spans antimicrobial applications, wound healing, immunomodulation, and potential anti-cancer properties.
What forms does LL-37 come in?
LL-37 is available in vials, capsules, and sprays forms.
How much does LL-37 cost?
Pricing varies by vendor and form.
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