Tirzepatide
Metabolic & Weight Loss
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Also known as: GLP-1S, GLP-1 Agonist, RC-1S, PEP-1S, ION-1S, Ion Peptide Semaglutide, GLP-1, Semaglutide, Sema
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with a molecular weight of 4113.58 Da and CAS number 910463-68-2. It is a 31-amino-acid peptide analog of human GLP-1(7-37) with two key structural modifications: an alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) substitution at position 8 that confers resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzymatic degradation, and a C18 fatty diacid chain attached via a linker at position 26 (lysine) that enables non-covalent binding to serum albumin.
Half-life: ~7 days (168 hours), enabled by C18 fatty diacid albumin-bind…Route: Subcutaneous (weekly), Oral (daily)MW: 4113.6 DaCAS: 910463-68-23,273 PubMed results
Last reviewed:
Reconstitution Calculator for Semaglutide
Pre-filled · 5mg vial · 250mcg dose
Overview
At A Glance
Mechanism
GLP-1 Receptor Agonism and cAMP Signaling…
Half-Life
~7 days (168 hours), enabled by C18 fatty diacid albumin-binding modification
Dosing
Once weekly subcutaneous injection
Dose Range
Diabetes (Ozempic): 250-1000 mcg weekly; Weight management (Wegovy): 2400 mcg weekly (after 16-week titration); Oral (Rybelsus): 3-14 mg daily
Routes
Subcutaneous (weekly)Oral (daily)
Common Vials
3mg5mg10mg
Potential Benefits
Mean body weight reduction of 14.9% at 68 weeks in STEP 1 trial (PMID: 33567185)Sustained weight loss of ~15% (-15.2%) maintained through 104 weeks in STEP 5 trial (PMID: 36216945)20% relative reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 0.80) in the SELECT trial (PMID: 37952131)HbA1c reduction of 1.5-1.8% in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN program)Reduction in systemic inflammation (lower hs-CRP) observed in SELECTAvailable in both subcutaneous (weekly) and oral (daily) formulationsImproved cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure and lipid profile
Safety Notes
Common
Nausea (most common, affects 20-44% of patients, dose-dependent)Vomiting (typically during dose titration, resolves with continued use)Diarrhea and constipationAbdominal pain and dyspepsiaInjection site reactions (subcutaneous formulation)
Serious
Pancreatitis (rare but reported — discontinue if suspected)Gallbladder disorders including cholelithiasis (gallstones) with rapid weight lossMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) risk — boxed warning based on rodent thyroid C-cell tumorsAcute kidney injury (dehydration-mediated, usually from severe GI side effects)Diabetic retinopathy worsening with rapid glycemic improvement in T2D patientsSuicidal ideation (rare post-marketing reports under FDA review)
Overview
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with a molecular weight of 4113.58 Da and CAS number 910463-68-2. It is a 31-amino-acid peptide analog of human GLP-1(7-37) with two key structural modifications: an alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) substitution at position 8 that confers resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzymatic degradation, and a C18 fatty diacid chain attached via a linker at position 26 (lysine) that enables non-covalent binding to serum albumin. This albumin binding dramatically extends the half-life to approximately 7 days, enabling once-weekly subcutaneous dosing (PMID: 33567185). Semaglutide is FDA-approved under three brand names: Ozempic (subcutaneous injection for type 2 diabetes mellitus), Wegovy (subcutaneous injection for chronic weight management), and Rybelsus (oral tablet for type 2 diabetes). Ozempic was approved in 2017, Wegovy in 2021, and Rybelsus in 2019, making semaglutide one of the most commercially significant pharmaceutical developments of the 2020s. The STEP (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity) clinical trial program established semaglutide as a transformative obesity treatment. In the STEP 1 trial, participants receiving semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly achieved a mean body weight reduction of 14.9% from baseline at 68 weeks, compared to 2.4% with placebo — a treatment difference of 12.4 percentage points (PMID: 33567185). The STEP 5 trial demonstrated durability of weight loss with continued treatment over 104 weeks, with participants maintaining approximately 15% total body weight loss (PMID: 34170647). The SELECT (Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity) trial was a landmark cardiovascular outcomes study that demonstrated a 20% relative risk reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE — cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke) in overweight or obese individuals without diabetes who received semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly versus placebo over a median follow-up of 39.8 months (PMID: 37351564). This was the first trial to demonstrate cardiovascular benefit of a weight management drug in a non-diabetic population, fundamentally changing the clinical paradigm around obesity pharmacotherapy. Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) uses the absorption enhancer SNAC (sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino] caprylate) to enable GI absorption of the peptide. Despite low bioavailability (~1%), the oral formulation achieves clinically meaningful glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Higher-dose oral semaglutide (25 mg and 50 mg) formulations evaluated in the OASIS program have shown weight loss approaching that of subcutaneous semaglutide. Semaglutide represents a first-in-class efficacy level among GLP-1 receptor agonists for both glycemic control and weight reduction, with a well-characterized safety profile across tens of thousands of clinical trial participants and millions of post-marketing prescriptions.
Potential Research Fields
ObesityType 2 diabetesCardiovascular diseaseNASH/MAFLDKidney disease
Chemical Information
IUPAC Name
N-epsilon26-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[(S)-4-carboxy-4-(17-carboxyheptadecanoylamino)butyrylamino]ethoxy}ethoxy)acetamido]ethoxy}ethoxy)acetyl][Aib8,Arg34]GLP-1-(7-37)-peptide
CAS Number
910463-68-2
Molecular Formula
C187H291N45O59
Molecular Mass
4113.58 g/mol
Amino Acid Sequence
HXEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVRGRG (31-residue analog of human GLP-1(7-37); X at position 8 = Aib, 2-aminoisobutyric acid). Key modifications vs native GLP-1: Ala8->Aib (confers DPP-4 resistance), Lys34->Arg, and the Lys26 side chain is acylated with a C18 fatty diacid (octadecanedioic acid) via a gamma-Glu / 2x AEEA (8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid) linker, enabling strong albumin binding and a ~1-week half-life. Molecular formula C187H291N45O59; average molecular weight ~4113.6 Da.
Dosing & Protocols
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Research
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Interactions
Interaction Matrix
Contraindications
Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). History of pancreatitis. Severe gastrointestinal disease. Type 1 diabetes. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Eating disorders (may exacerbate restriction).
Research Disclaimer
This interaction data is compiled from published research and community reports. It may not be exhaustive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds.
Best Price
$39.00
up to $174.99
Best $/mg
$3.3000
Vendors
6
Listings
12
vial, pen
Dosage
Form
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Current low
$39.00
current listings
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Tracking since Mar 13, 2026 · 11 data points
Price History
4 data points- OF
- Half Nattys
- Ion Peptide
- Disguised Alpha
Vendors Selling Semaglutide
⚗️
Ion Peptide
Optimum Formula
Half Nattys
3 listings · from $69.99
BioMyst Labs
Disguised Alpha
1 listing · from $139.99
ResearchChemHQ
How we score these vendors
Every supplier above is graded 0 to 100 on COA verification, payment transparency, shipping, reviews, and active listings. Methodology published, no pay-to-rank.
Related Compounds
View AllAOD-9604
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3AOD-9604 (Anti-Obesity Drug 9604) is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide fragment of human growth hormone (hGH) corresponding to residues 177-191 of the hGH molecule plus a tyrosine addition at the N-terminus (sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe).
t½ ~30–60 minutes 250–600 mcg per injection
1 PubMedView Profile
ATX-304
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase IIa Clinical TrialsATX-304 (also known as O-304) is an orally bioavailable, first-in-class pan-AMPK activator with a mild mitochondrial-uncoupling effect.
PreclinicalView Profile
Cagrilintide
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3Cagrilintide (also known as AM833, development code NN9838) is a long-acting amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk as a next-generation weight-management therapy, designed to be co-administered with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in a fixed-ratio combination known as CagriSema.
t½ ~159 hours (approximately 7 days)
46 PubMedView Profile
CagriSema
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3CagriSema is Novo Nordisk's once-weekly subcutaneous combination of cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist, and semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, developed for weight management and for type 2 diabetes.
t½ In the phase 1b trial published in 2021, cagrilintide at 0.16 to 4.5 mg had a half-life of 159 to 195 hours and semaglutide 2.4 mg a half-life of 145 to 165 hours, both given weekly by subcutaneous injection (PMID: 33894838)
PreclinicalView Profile
HGH Fragment 176-191
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 2HGH Fragment 176-191 (also written HGH Frag 176-191, hGH Fragment 176-191, and frequently appearing in clinical literature as AOD-9604 — "Anti-Obesity Drug 9604") is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal 15-amino-acid region of the 191-amino-acid human growth hormone (hGH) molecule, with an additional N-terminal tyrosine residue added for stability and biological activity.
t½ ~30 minutes (short plasma half-life) 250-500 mcg
2 PubMedView Profile
Retatrutide
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3Retatrutide (also coded LY3437943) is an investigational once-weekly triple-agonist at the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors.
t½ ~6 days (plasma, albumin-bound) 1,000–12,000 mcg (1–12 mg) per week
135 PubMedView Profile
Side-by-Side Comparisons
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Protocols, calculator & safety for Semaglutide
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5/20/2026Research Score
100
3,273 PubMed results
Quality Indicators
Data Completeness
100%Description
Mechanism of Action
Chemical Data
Dosing Protocols
Safety Profile
PubMed Results
Interactions
Vendor Listings
COA Verification
10
Verified COAs
4
Vendors w/ COA
Latest test: 9/16/2026
Research Volume
3,273PubMed results
Well-researched compound
Quick Facts
Half-Life
~7 days (168 hours), enabled by C18 fatty diacid albumin-binding modification
Molecular Weight
4113.58 g/mol
Administration
Subcutaneous (weekly), Oral (daily)
CAS Number
910463-68-2
Trial Phase
FDA Approved
Safety Profile
Common Side Effects
- • Nausea (most common, affects 20-44% of patients, dose-dependent)
- • Vomiting (typically during dose titration, resolves with continued use)
- • Diarrhea and constipation
- • Abdominal pain and dyspepsia
- • Injection site reactions (subcutaneous formulation)
Research Disclaimer
This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not intended as medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before use.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is semaglutide dosed for weight loss?
The Wegovy schedule climbs once a week: 0.25 mg for the first four weeks, then 0.5, 1, 1.7, and 2.4 mg as the maintenance dose, moving up about every four weeks. The 0.25 mg start is there to settle your stomach, not to drive results. Move up only once side effects calm down.
What is the difference between Ozempic and Wegovy?
Same drug, semaglutide, with different branding and approved doses. Ozempic is the type-2-diabetes brand; Wegovy is the weight-management brand and goes to a higher 2.4 mg dose. The molecule is identical.
Why does semaglutide cause nausea?
GLP-1 drugs slow how fast your stomach empties, which is part of how they curb appetite, and that is what drives the nausea. It is dose-related and usually fades. Titrating up slowly is the main way to keep it manageable.
How many vendors sell Semaglutide, and what does it cost per mg?
6 of the vendors BodyHackGuide tracks list Semaglutide (12 listings). Among BodyHackGuide's Semaglutide listings recorded as in stock with a milligram count, the lowest price per milligram is $3.30/mg at Ion Peptide and the median is $12.00/mg. The Semaglutide prices on BodyHackGuide are vendors' listed prices as BodyHackGuide last recorded them, not transactions; the most recent recorded change to a Semaglutide listing is dated 8 October 2026.
Which vendors have third-party COAs for Semaglutide on file at BodyHackGuide?
BodyHackGuide holds 102 third-party certificate records for Semaglutide, from ResearchChemHQ and Half Nattys. An editor has read 1 of BodyHackGuide's 102 certificate records for Semaglutide and recorded the laboratory, the compound and the test date as printed on each. The laboratories named on BodyHackGuide's Semaglutide certificate records are Janoshik Analytical and Freedom Diagnostics Testing, and the newest test date on them is 6 October 2026. Each vendor page on BodyHackGuide shows how many certificate records BodyHackGuide holds for that vendor and links to each record that has its own page.
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View productRelated Compounds
View AllAOD-9604
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3AOD-9604 (Anti-Obesity Drug 9604) is a synthetic 16-amino-acid peptide fragment of human growth hormone (hGH) corresponding to residues 177-191 of the hGH molecule plus a tyrosine addition at the N-terminus (sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe).
t½ ~30–60 minutes 250–600 mcg per injection
1 PubMedView Profile
ATX-304
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase IIa Clinical TrialsATX-304 (also known as O-304) is an orally bioavailable, first-in-class pan-AMPK activator with a mild mitochondrial-uncoupling effect.
PreclinicalView Profile
Cagrilintide
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3Cagrilintide (also known as AM833, development code NN9838) is a long-acting amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk as a next-generation weight-management therapy, designed to be co-administered with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in a fixed-ratio combination known as CagriSema.
t½ ~159 hours (approximately 7 days)
46 PubMedView Profile
CagriSema
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3CagriSema is Novo Nordisk's once-weekly subcutaneous combination of cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist, and semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, developed for weight management and for type 2 diabetes.
t½ In the phase 1b trial published in 2021, cagrilintide at 0.16 to 4.5 mg had a half-life of 159 to 195 hours and semaglutide 2.4 mg a half-life of 145 to 165 hours, both given weekly by subcutaneous injection (PMID: 33894838)
PreclinicalView Profile
HGH Fragment 176-191
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 2HGH Fragment 176-191 (also written HGH Frag 176-191, hGH Fragment 176-191, and frequently appearing in clinical literature as AOD-9604 — "Anti-Obesity Drug 9604") is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal 15-amino-acid region of the 191-amino-acid human growth hormone (hGH) molecule, with an additional N-terminal tyrosine residue added for stability and biological activity.
t½ ~30 minutes (short plasma half-life) 250-500 mcg
2 PubMedView Profile
Retatrutide
Metabolic & Weight LossPhase 3Retatrutide (also coded LY3437943) is an investigational once-weekly triple-agonist at the GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors.
t½ ~6 days (plasma, albumin-bound) 1,000–12,000 mcg (1–12 mg) per week
135 PubMedView Profile
Side-by-Side Comparisons
All ComparisonsCompare Semaglutide head-to-head: mechanism, half-life, dosing, safety, and vendor prices.
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