Fasoracetam (NS-105)

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Overview

Fasoracetam is a racetam developed by Nippon Shinyaku in Japan under the code NS-105 and taken into clinical development for vascular dementia. That program did not lead to approval anywhere. The molecule was later licensed and revived in the United States as NFC-1 and then AEVI-001 by Aevi Genomic Medicine, which tested it in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder selected by genotype, and more recently as NB-001 by Nobias Therapeutics for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. No regulator has approved it for any indication. Material sold to consumers is a research chemical, usually the monohydrate, and the chemistry values below are for the anhydrous form. The Nippon Shinyaku pharmacology, published between 1997 and 2000, describes a compound acting through metabotropic glutamate receptors rather than through a single ion channel. In rat cerebrocortical membranes, NS-105 inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation through pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins and enhanced it after pertussis toxin pretreatment, a bidirectional pattern shared with the metabotropic glutamate agonist ACPD and blocked by a metabotropic glutamate antagonist (PMID: 9134967). The same bidirectional effect appeared in cultured mouse cortical neurons (PMID: 9272724), and antisense work assigned the inhibitory arm to group II and group III receptors and the facilitatory arm to group I (PMID: 10633154). Two other effects are reported: repeated dosing increased GABA-B receptor numbers in rat cerebral cortex without changing beta-adrenoceptor or 5-HT2 binding (PMID: 9424016), and NS-105 increased acetylcholine release and high-affinity choline uptake in rat cerebral cortex (PMID: 10494996). In rats, NS-105 reversed memory disruption produced by scopolamine, by lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis, by AF64A, by baclofen, by cerebral ischemia and by electroconvulsive shock (PMID: 10494996). It also reduced immobility in the forced swim test and reversed escape failure in learned helplessness (PMID: 9424016). The human data are thin and mostly open-label. A five-week open-label study with a single-blind placebo week enrolled 30 adolescents aged 12 to 17 who had ADHD and mutations in metabotropic glutamate receptor network genes. Mean Clinical Global Impressions scores improved from 3.79 to 2.33 for improvement and 4.83 to 3.86 for severity, both significant, and adverse event rates during the placebo week did not differ from active weeks (PMID: 29339723). The controlled trials that followed did not confirm this. The ASCEND phase 2 program, run in two parts in children and adolescents with and without the relevant copy number variants, completed in 2018 (NCT03265119; NCT03609619) and posted results show the primary ADHD rating scale endpoint was not met in either part, with placebo numerically ahead in Part A and the drug described as safe and well tolerated. A separate placebo-controlled crossover trial in 37 children and adolescents with 22q11 deletion syndrome completed in 2023 (NCT05290493). Fasoracetam is not approved in any country and is not a controlled substance in the United States. It is a research-use-only compound in the United States market.

Potential Research Fields

Contraindications

Research Disclaimer

This interaction data is compiled from published research and community reports. It may not be exhaustive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds.

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Tracking since Sep 7, 2026 · 1 data point

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