VIP

Alpha-GPC (chemical name L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine; pharmaceutical name choline alfoscerate) is a naturally occurring cholinergic compound that serves as a highly bioavailable precursor to both acetylcholine (the primary neurotransmitter of the cholinergic system, central to learning, memory, attention, and neuromuscular function) and phosphatidylcholine (the principal phospholipid building block of neuronal cell membranes).

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a natural methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, fruits, leaves, and bark of over 60 plant species — most notably Coffea (coffee), Camellia sinensis (tea), Theobroma cacao (cacao), Paullinia cupana (guaraná), Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate), and Cola acuminata (kola nut).

CDP-choline (cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine, pharmaceutical name citicoline) is a naturally occurring intracellular intermediate in the Kennedy pathway for phosphatidylcholine synthesis — the primary biochemical route by which all nucleated cells produce the dominant membrane phospholipid.

Inositol is a naturally-occurring cyclic sugar alcohol (cyclohexanehexol) that functions as a critical structural component of cell membranes and a second-messenger precursor in intracellular signaling.

L-Tryptophan is one of the nine essential amino acids — meaning the human body cannot synthesize it and must obtain it from dietary protein — and is the direct metabolic precursor to serotonin, melatonin, and (via a separate route) the vitamin niacin (nicotinamide / NAD+).

Magnesium L-Threonate is a proprietary chelated form of magnesium in which the magnesium cation is bound to L-threonic acid — a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) — forming the salt commonly marketed under the brand name Magtein.