ProVigorous Blend

L-arginine

• In a 2011 blood pressure meta-analysis of 11 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with 387 participants, oral L-arginine (4 to 24 g a day in the trials) lowered systolic blood pressure by 5.39 mmHg and diastolic by 2.66 mmHg (PMID: 22137067).
• A 2020 exercise meta-analysis pooled 15 studies and found that oral arginine supplementation improved aerobic test performance (standardized mean difference 0.84, with high heterogeneity) and anaerobic test performance (0.24) (PMID: 32370176); a 2025 published comment argued that errors common in sports nutrition meta-analyses distort its pooled estimates (PMID: 40733000).
• In VINTAGE MI (2006), a trial in 153 patients after a first heart attack, 6 months of oral L-arginine did not improve vascular stiffness or ejection fraction, and 6 deaths in the L-arginine group against none on placebo led the safety committee to close enrollment (PMID: 16391217).

L-citrulline

• A 2019 meta-analysis of 12 studies of oral citrulline (198 participants) found a small benefit for strength and power output (standardized mean difference 0.20), with every individual study's confidence interval crossing zero (PMID: 30895562).
• A 2022 meta-analysis of 10 studies of oral citrulline found no benefit for aerobic performance (PMID: 36079738).
• A 2019 meta-analysis of 8 trials of oral L-citrulline found a fall of 4.1 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and no significant change in diastolic pressure (PMID: 30788274).
• In a phase 3 trial of intravenous citrulline in 189 children having heart surgery, the primary outcome, the longer of time on a ventilator or time on heart-support drugs, averaged 3,351 minutes with citrulline and 3,550 minutes with placebo (p=0.49) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02891837 results).

L-carnitine

• A 2020 meta-analysis of 37 randomized trials (2,292 participants) of oral L-carnitine found modest falls in body weight (1.21 kg), body mass index and fat mass compared with controls (PMID: 32359762).
• In 8 healthy men, 5-hour intravenous L-carnitine infusions raised muscle carnitine only when insulin was held high (PMID: 16368715), and a follow-up study set the insulin threshold at about 90 mU/L or more (PMID: 17047160).

MIC complex

• In a double-blind crossover trial in 20 women, 4 weeks of oral L-methionine raised plasma homocysteine by an average of 2.0 micromol/L (PMID: 15870821).
• A 2023 meta-analysis of 26 randomized trials of inositol (1,691 women with polycystic ovary syndrome) pooled the 2 trials that reported it against a folic acid placebo or a diet-only control group and found that oral inositol made a regular menstrual cycle 1.79 times as likely as in the control groups, with very low certainty of evidence, and the authors judged it not inferior to metformin on this outcome (PMID: 36703143).
• The human evidence for intravenous choline comes from patients on long-term intravenous nutrition (PMID: 11531217).
• For the combination, papers from 1954 and 1955 indexed under methionine, choline and inositol describe these compounds as lipotropic agents in alcoholic liver disease and diabetic retinopathy; PubMed holds no abstracts for them (PMID: 13153180, PMID: 13274349). No modern controlled trial of an injectable methionine, inositol and choline product was found.

N-acetyl-L-tyrosine

• In a study of 11 healthy volunteers given 5 g of N-acetyl-L-tyrosine or of N-acetylcysteine by 4-hour intravenous infusion, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine raised plasma tyrosine by 25 percent, 56 percent of it appeared in urine within 4 hours, and the authors judged its usefulness as a tyrosine source not apparent (PMID: 2507878).
• In 6 patients with liver failure and 7 healthy people, infused N-acetyl-L-tyrosine did not raise plasma tyrosine, and most of it was lost in urine (PMID: 7705801).
• In 13 adults on intravenous nutrition containing N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, about 35 percent was excreted unchanged in urine (PMID: 14621123).
• A 2015 review of oral tyrosine found that it may help cognitive performance in short, stressful or demanding situations, with little potential in clinical disorders or for physical exercise (PMID: 26424423).

ATP

The intravenous ATP trials come from one group at Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam.

• Agteresch 2000 enrolled 58 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Patients were randomized to ten 30-hour ATP infusions every 2 to 4 weeks or no ATP; weight changed by +0.2 kg per 4 weeks with ATP against -1.0 kg without, and muscle strength and quality of life declined less with ATP (PMID: 10675381).
• Agteresch 2003 reported on the same trial: ATP did not shrink tumors or lengthen survival overall, with a survival difference only in a subgroup of weight-losing patients with stage IIIB disease (PMID: 14501386).
• In 8 healthy volunteers, 5,000 mg of oral ATP did not raise blood ATP (PMID: 22510240).

AMP

In a 1985 randomized, double-blind trial in 32 adults with acute shingles, intramuscular AMP given three times a week for up to 4 weeks reduced pain and sped skin healing; at 4 weeks, 88 percent of the AMP group and 43 percent of the placebo group were free of pain (PMID: 3968773).

L-arginine

In the VINTAGE MI trial, 153 patients recovering from a first heart attack took L-arginine (the trial gave 3 g three times a day) or placebo for 6 months; 6 patients (8.6 percent) in the L-arginine group died against none on placebo (p=0.01), and the safety committee closed enrollment (PMID: 16391217).

The FDA label for intravenous arginine hydrochloride (R-Gene 10, a 10 percent solution) describes it as hypertonic (950 mOsmol/L) and acidic, able to irritate and damage tissue, and lists extravasation (leakage outside the vein) causing burn-like reactions and skin necrosis that needed surgery, anaphylaxis, and blood in the urine among reports after marketing. The label reports deaths after overdose in children and warns that overdose in children can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and cerebral edema. Nausea and vomiting, headache, numbness, local vein irritation and flushing occurred in about 3 percent of patients in premarketing studies of 1,670 infusions (R-Gene 10 label, FDA, version of 2 April 2024).

L-citrulline

In 4-week tolerance trials in healthy men, oral citrulline at graded amounts up to 24 g a day caused only minor laboratory changes and no treatment-related adverse events (PMID: 36571619). In a phase 3 trial of intravenous citrulline in 189 children having heart surgery, serious adverse events occurred in 11 of 99 children on citrulline and 6 of 90 on placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02891837 results).

L-carnitine

The FDA label for injectable levocarnitine reports serious hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis, laryngeal edema and bronchospasm, mostly in dialysis patients and some within minutes of intravenous dosing; seizures with oral or intravenous use; and transient nausea and vomiting, and body odor (Carnitor label, FDA, version of 20 November 2023).

MIC complex

In a 20-woman crossover trial, oral L-methionine (the trial gave 500 mg three times a day for 4 weeks) raised plasma homocysteine by an average of 2.0 micromol/L (PMID: 15870821).

N-acetyl-L-tyrosine

A 2004 report describes N-acetyl tyrosine appearing in urine after N-acetyl-L-tyrosine given by vein or into the digestive tract (enterally), a finding the authors distinguish from inherited and acquired tyrosinemias (PMID: 15187789).

ATP and AMP

Across 176 courses of 30-hour intravenous ATP infusions in 28 lung cancer patients, 64 percent of courses caused no side effects, and the side effects in the rest were mild and transient and resolved within minutes of slowing the infusion; plasma uric acid rose with dose (PMID: 10853877). The 1985 shingles trial reported no side effects or toxicity from intramuscular AMP (PMID: 3968773).