HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin)

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Overview

HMG, or human menopausal gonadotropin, is not a synthetic research chemical. It is menotropins, an approved injectable fertility drug purified from the urine of postmenopausal women. It is a mixture rather than a single molecule: each vial of the currently marketed US product, Menopur, contains 75 international units of follicle-stimulating hormone activity and 75 international units of luteinizing hormone activity, and human chorionic gonadotropin from the urine source is detected in the product. The initial US approval for menotropins dates to 1975 (Menopur US prescribing information). The two hormones do different jobs. Follicle-stimulating hormone acts on granulosa cells in the ovary and on Sertoli cells in the testis to support gamete development. Luteinizing hormone acts on theca cells and, in men, on Leydig cells to drive steroid production. Giving both together reproduces the pituitary signal that is missing when the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is not working, or supplies a supraphysiological signal to recruit multiple follicles in assisted reproduction. The approved US indication is narrow: development of multiple follicles and pregnancy in ovulatory women as part of an assisted reproductive technology cycle. Older menotropins labeling also carried an indication, with concomitant human chorionic gonadotropin, for stimulating spermatogenesis in men with primary or secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In current practice, that male use is well documented in the literature even where it is not on the label of the marketed product. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 studies covering 5328 male patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism found human menopausal gonadotropin used in 40.8 percent of studies, and reported spermatogenesis in 86 percent of patients treated with human chorionic gonadotropin plus follicle-stimulating hormone against 40 percent with human chorionic gonadotropin alone (PMID: 38128110). A retrospective cohort of 122 Chinese men treated with combined human chorionic gonadotropin and human menopausal gonadotropin over 24 months reported spermatogenesis in 92.3 percent of men with partial disease and 74.7 percent of those with complete disease (PMID: 31464203). The safety profile is the reason this is a prescription drug. The label carries warnings for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, abnormal ovarian enlargement, pulmonary and vascular complications, ovarian torsion, multi-fetal gestation, congenital malformations, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion and ovarian neoplasms. In the registration trials the most common adverse reactions included abdominal pain in 6.7 percent, headache in 6.2 percent, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in 6.2 percent and injection site reactions in 3.9 percent (Menopur US prescribing information). For male athletes in tested sport, hMG is prohibited. The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits chorionic gonadotrophin and luteinizing hormone and their releasing factors in male athletes under section S2 of the Prohibited List, and hMG contains luteinizing hormone activity. What is sold outside pharmacy channels as a research-use vial is not the approved product, has no verified potency in international units, and carries the contamination and mislabeling risks common to that market.

Potential Research Fields

Contraindications

Research Disclaimer

This interaction data is compiled from published research and community reports. It may not be exhaustive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds.

$54.99

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Tracking since Sep 7, 2026 · 1 data point

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