--- title: "Oxiracetam: Dosing & Vendor Prices | BodyHackGuide" url: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/oxiracetam description: "Oxiracetam: dosing protocols, mechanism & side effects. Compare 1 current vendor prices." lang: en --- Skip to content Compare notes on r/BodyHackGuide (https://reddit.com/r/bodyhackguide) Compare notes with other researchers. Join r/BodyHackGuide (https://reddit.com/r/bodyhackguide) Image: Oxiracetam molecular structure (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/4626/PNG) # Oxiracetam Nootropics (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/wiki#cat-nootropics)Approved (Italy) Also known as: ISF 2522, CGP 21690E, Neuromet, Hydroxypiracetam, S-oxiracetam, L-oxiracetam, 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide Oxiracetam is a hydroxylated analog of piracetam, developed in Italy in the early 1980s under the code ISF 2522 and also known as CGP 21690E. It was authorized for marketing in Italy under the trade name Neuromet on 21 April 1984 and was studied through the 1980s and 1990s in older patients with degenerative and multi-infarct dementia and with organic brain syndrome. Image: Disguised Alpha logo (https://disguisedalpha.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/disguised-logo-3x.webp) Lowest price per mg $2.50/g $74.99 for 30000mg at Disguised Alpha Buy at Disguised Alpha: https://disguisedalpha.com/product/oxiracetam/?coupon=reddit Half-life: About 8 hours in healthy adults Route: Oral, Intravenous infusion MW: 158.16 g/mol CAS: 62613-82-5 Last reviewed: Oct 18, 2026 ## Overview ### At A Glance Mechanism Oxiracetam has no single agreed molecular target. Rodent data support a cholinergic component: it reversed scopolamine-induced disruption of passive avoidance and radial maze performance in rats while preventing the associated fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine, with … Half-Life About 8 hours in healthy adults. Mean terminal half-life was 7.7 hours in healthy non-geriatric subjects and 12.3 hours in elderly patients after oral dosing (PMID: 2253653), and 10.6 to 68.1 hours in patients with renal impairment, correlating with creatinine clearance (PMID: 2253654). More than 90 percent of an intravenous dose is recovered unchanged in urine within 48 hours, and absolute oral bioavailability was 75 percent in healthy volunteers (PMID: 6519128). Routes Oral Intravenous infusion Potential Benefits Antagonized scopolamine-induced amnesia and the associated fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine in rats (PMID: 2602443) Prevented mecamylamine-induced impairment of active avoidance learning in mice (PMID: 2356212) Facilitated two-way shuttle avoidance acquisition in normal mice (PMID: 3244203) S-oxiracetam, and not R-oxiracetam, relieved spatial learning and memory impairment and reduced white matter lesions in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (PMID: 28855592) Improved cognitive scores versus placebo over 12 weeks in 289 patients with degenerative, multi-infarct or mixed dementia (PMID: 2693996) Higher Loewenstein cognitive assessment scores than placebo at 90 days for the single enantiomer L-oxiracetam, an advantage not demonstrated for the racemate, in a 590-patient phase 3 trial in mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (PMID: 41381424) ### Overview Oxiracetam is a hydroxylated analog of piracetam, developed in Italy in the early 1980s under the code ISF 2522 and also known as CGP 21690E. It was authorized for marketing in Italy under the trade name Neuromet on 21 April 1984 and was studied through the 1980s and 1990s in older patients with degenerative and multi-infarct dementia and with organic brain syndrome. It remains in clinical use in China, where oxiracetam served as the active comparator arm in a multicenter phase 3 trial run from 2019 to 2024 (PMID: 41381424). It has never been approved in the United States. Consumer-facing oxiracetam is sold as bulk powder or capsules under research-chemical terms. The molecule carries a chiral center and is normally supplied as the racemate. The S enantiomer, marketed and studied in China as S-oxiracetam or L-oxiracetam, is the active one: in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, S-oxiracetam and not R-oxiracetam relieved spatial learning and memory impairment, reduced neuron damage and white matter lesions and increased cerebral blood flow (PMID: 28855592). This matters for anyone reading the literature, because racemic and single-enantiomer studies are not interchangeable. Mechanistically oxiracetam is less well defined than aniracetam. Rodent work links its behavioral effects to cholinergic function: it antagonized both scopolamine-induced behavioral disruption and the scopolamine-induced fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine in rats, with matching bell-shaped dose-effect curves (PMID: 2602443), and it prevented mecamylamine-induced impairment of active avoidance in mice (PMID: 2356212). It also acts on glutamatergic signaling: it prevented kynurenic acid antagonism of NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal slices (PMID: 9336311) and in slices of human neocortex taken during neurosurgery (PMID: 10381808). More recent work in APP/PS1 mice reports that oxiracetam slows desensitization of the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPA receptor subunits (PMID: 41739317). Human results are inconsistent across four decades. Positive placebo-controlled results were reported in a 289-patient multicenter trial in degenerative, multi-infarct and mixed dementia (PMID: 2693996) and in several smaller Italian studies. Clearly negative results came from a 24-patient double-blind study in Alzheimer disease, where a broad neuropsychological battery showed no improvement in any patient (PMID: 1444879), and a 106-patient trial in solvent-related organic brain syndrome (PMID: 3296624). The largest modern trial, a 500-patient study commissioned by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, found no difference from placebo on either co-primary endpoint after 36 weeks (PMID: 41614470). Regulators have acted on those results. In February 2023 the South Korean drug regulator revoked the vascular cognitive impairment indication and ordered oxiracetam products withdrawn and destroyed after they failed clinical reassessment, and insurance coverage was suspended for seven products. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration stated in a February 2019 warning letter that oxiracetam is not a dietary ingredient and that products bearing cognitive claims are unapproved new drugs. ### Potential Research Fields Cognitive enhancement Vascular cognitive impairment Traumatic brain injury Nootropics ## Chemical Information IUPAC Name Not yet available CAS Number 62613-82-5 Molecular Formula C6H10N2O3 Molecular Mass 158.16 g/mol View on PubChem: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4626 ## Dosing & Protocols ### Unlock the Dosing tab Enter your email to keep reading. It is free, and it opens these tabs on every compound page in this browser. - Route You also get the free peptide cheat sheet by email. Unsubscribe anytime. Have an account? Sign in (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/auth) ## Research ### Unlock the research summary - A summary of the key research - Safety and side effects - A link to the PubMed results ## Interactions ### Contraindications Renal impairment is the main pharmacokinetic caution: oxiracetam is excreted essentially unchanged by the kidney and its terminal half-life rose from about 8 hours to as much as 68 hours as creatinine clearance fell (PMID: 2253654; PMID: 6519128). A pilot study found that concurrent carbamazepine or valproic acid shortened the oxiracetam half-life, although oxiracetam did not alter antiepileptic drug serum concentrations (PMID: 2108837). No human pregnancy or lactation safety data have been published; in pregnant rats, radiolabeled oxiracetam crossed the placenta into fetal tissue reversibly and to a limited extent (PMID: 1499599). Research Disclaimer This interaction data is compiled from published research and community reports. It may not be exhaustive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds. Best Price $74.99 Best $/mg $0.0025 Vendors 1 Listings 1 capsule Form Sort | Vendor | Product | Form | Qty | Price | $/mg | Coupon | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Image: Disguised Alpha logo (https://disguisedalpha.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/disguised-logo-3x.webp) Disguised Alpha (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/vendors/disguised-alpha) 50: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/vendor-trust-scorecard 🇺🇸 US 🇪🇺 EU 🇬🇧 UK | Oxiracetam 500 mg capsules (60) | capsule | 60 capsules (500 mg) ● In Stock | $74.99 BEST | $2.50/g | — | Buy: https://disguisedalpha.com/product/oxiracetam/?coupon=reddit | ### Sign in to leave a review Reviews on BodyHackGuide are tied to verified user accounts and moderated before publishing. Sign in (free, no spam) to share your experience with Oxiracetam. Current low $74.99 current listings 7-day low — not enough history yet 30-day low — not enough history yet 30-day change — not enough history yet Tracking since Sep 7, 2026 · 1 data point ### Vendors Selling Oxiracetam #### Disguised Alpha 1 listing · from $74.99 https://www.bodyhackguide.co/vendors/disguised-alpha How we score these vendors Every supplier above is graded 0 to 100 on COA verification, payment transparency, shipping, reviews, and active listings. Methodology published, no pay-to-rank. View Scorecard (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/vendors/scorecard) ### Related Compounds View All (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/wiki) ### 9-Me-BC (9-Methyl-β-carboline) Nootropics Preclinical 9-Methyl--carboline (9-Me-BC) is a synthetic -carboline alkaloid that has drawn nootropic-community interest for a preclinical property that is genuinely unusual among -carbolines: in rodent and cell-culture studies it appears to stimulate the dopaminergic phenotype - raising tyrosine hydroxylase, the number of differentiated dopamine neurons and dopamine content - while also showing neuroprotective, neurorestorative and anti-inflammatory effects, plus in-vitro MAO-A/MAO-B inhibition [PMID:17913302, PMID:20374418, PMID:32285253]. t½ Not characterized in humans (no pharmacokinetic data). Community/anecdotal only: ~5-25 mg per day, oral. No validated or approved human dose exists. 6 PubMed View Profile https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/9-mbc ### Aniracetam Nootropics Approved (Italy) Aniracetam is a pyrrolidinone in the racetam family, developed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the code Ro 13-5057. t½ About half an hour for the parent drug in humans. Plasma elimination half-life was 0.47 to 0.49 hours after a single 400 mg oral dose in 20 healthy male volunteers (PMID: 19025058). Aniracetam is extensively metabolized to N-anisoyl-GABA and anisic acid; in six elderly hospitalized patients with cerebrovascular disease and reduced creatinine clearance, metabolite half-life was 4 to 7 times longer than in young volunteers (PMID: 9062694). Preclinical View Profile https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/aniracetam ### Bemethyl (bemitil) Nootropics Approved (Russia) Bemethyl, known in the Russian literature as bemitil and sold in the region under names including Metaprot, Bemactor and Antihot, is 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole, normally handled as the hydrobromide salt. t½ Not established in humans; in healthy volunteers given a single 250 mg oral dose of the Metaprot capsule form, peak serum ethylthiobenzimidazole averaged 0.91 microg/mL at about 1.06 h, and no terminal half-life was reported (PMID: 21870773) Preclinical View Profile https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/bemethyl ### Bromantane Nootropics Russia Approved Bromantane is an atypical psychostimulant and anxiolytic developed in the 1980s at the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, originally created as an adaptogen for Soviet military and elite athletic use and later approved in Russia for the treatment of neurasthenic and asthenic disorders under the trade name Ladasten. 34 PubMed View Profile https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/bromantane ### Cyclazodone Nootropics Preclinical Cyclazodone is the N-cyclopropyl derivative of pemoline, a 4-oxazolidinone stimulant. Preclinical View Profile https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/cyclazodone ### Dihexa Nootropics Preclinical Dihexa is a synthetic peptide analogue of the angiotensin IV metabolite LVV-hemorphin-7, developed at Washington State University. t½ Not characterized in humans. Dihexa was engineered for metabolic stability (resistant to plasma and enzymatic degradation) and blood-brain-barrier penetration; in preclinical work its central procognitive effects appear to outlast its plasma presence. 5 to 40 mg oral per day (anecdotal range; no established human dose) 1 PubMed View Profile https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/dihexa View Full Dosage Guide → Protocols, calculator & safety for Oxiracetam https://www.bodyhackguide.co/guides/dosage/oxiracetam ### Lowest Price per mg Disguised Alpha $74.99($2.50/g) 1 vendor · 1 listing ### Research Score 30 0 PubMed results ### Quality Indicators Data Completeness 63% Description Mechanism of Action Chemical Data Dosing Protocols Safety Profile PubMed Results Interactions Vendor Listings COA Verification 0 Verified COAs 1 Vendors w/ COA Latest test: 9/16/2026 ### Quick Facts Half-Life Molecular Weight 158.16 g/mol Administration Oral, Intravenous infusion CAS Number 62613-82-5 Trial Phase Approved (Italy) 0 Research Disclaimer This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not intended as medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before use. ## Frequently Asked Questions What is Oxiracetam used for in research? Oxiracetam is a hydroxylated analog of piracetam, developed in Italy in the early 1980s under the code ISF 2522 and also known as CGP 21690E. It was authorized for marketing in Italy under the trade name Neuromet on 21 April 1984 and was studied through the 1980s and 1990s in older patients with degenerative and multi-infarct dementia and with organic brain syndrome. It remains in clinical use in China, where oxiracetam served as the active comparator arm in a multicenter phase 3 trial run from 2019 to 2024 (PMID: 41381424). It has never been approved in the United States. Consumer-facing oxiracetam is sold as bulk powder or capsules under research-chemical terms. The molecule carries a chiral center and is normally supplied as the racemate. The S enantiomer, marketed and studied in China as S-oxiracetam or L-oxiracetam, is the active one: in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, S-oxiracetam and not R-oxiracetam relieved spatial learning and memory impairment, reduced neuron damage and white matter lesions and increased cerebral blood flow (PMID: 28855592). This matters for anyone reading the literature, because racemic and single-enantiomer studies are not interchangeable. Mechanistically oxiracetam is less well defined than aniracetam. Rodent work links its behavioral effects to cholinergic function: it antagonized both scopolamine-induced behavioral disruption and the scopolamine-induced fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine in rats, with matching bell-shaped dose-effect curves (PMID: 2602443), and it prevented mecamylamine-induced impairment of active avoidance in mice (PMID: 2356212). It also acts on glutamatergic signaling: it prevented kynurenic acid antagonism of NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal slices (PMID: 9336311) and in slices of human neocortex taken during neurosurgery (PMID: 10381808). More recent work in APP/PS1 mice reports that oxiracetam slows desensitization of the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPA receptor subunits (PMID: 41739317). Human results are inconsistent across four decades. Positive placebo-controlled results were reported in a 289-patient multicenter trial in degenerative, multi-infarct and mixed dementia (PMID: 2693996) and in several smaller Italian studies. Clearly negative results came from a 24-patient double-blind study in Alzheimer disease, where a broad neuropsychological battery showed no improvement in any patient (PMID: 1444879), and a 106-patient trial in solvent-related organic brain syndrome (PMID: 3296624). The largest modern trial, a 500-patient study commissioned by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, found no difference from placebo on either co-primary endpoint after 36 weeks (PMID: 41614470). Regulators have acted on those results. In February 2023 the South Korean drug regulator revoked the vascular cognitive impairment indication and ordered oxiracetam products withdrawn and destroyed after they failed clinical reassessment, and insurance coverage was suspended for seven products. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration stated in a February 2019 warning letter that oxiracetam is not a dietary ingredient and that products bearing cognitive claims are unapproved new drugs. What forms does Oxiracetam come in? Oxiracetam is available in capsule form. How do I compare Oxiracetam vendors? Compare prices, payment methods, shipping, and COA scores across 1 vendor. How many vendors sell Oxiracetam, and what does it cost per mg? 1 of the vendors BodyHackGuide tracks list Oxiracetam (1 listing). Among BodyHackGuide's Oxiracetam listings recorded as in stock with a milligram count, the lowest price per milligram is $2.50/g at Disguised Alpha and the median is $2.50/g. The Oxiracetam prices on BodyHackGuide are vendors' listed prices as BodyHackGuide last recorded them, not transactions; the most recent recorded change to a Oxiracetam listing is dated 7 September 2026. Which vendors have third-party COAs for Oxiracetam on file at BodyHackGuide? BodyHackGuide holds no third-party certificate records for Oxiracetam. Each vendor page on BodyHackGuide shows how many certificate records BodyHackGuide holds for that vendor. ## Research Tools ### Peptide Calculator Reconstitution & syringe units https://www.bodyhackguide.co/tools/reconstitution ### Reconstitution Guide How to mix, step by step https://www.bodyhackguide.co/guides/how-to-reconstitute-peptides ### Nasal Spray Calc mL per actuation https://www.bodyhackguide.co/tools/intranasal ### Half-Life Visualizer Decay curves https://www.bodyhackguide.co/tools/halflife ## Related Compounds ### 9-Me-BC (9-Methyl-β-carboline) Nootropics Preclinical ### Aniracetam Nootropics Approved (Italy) ### Bemethyl (bemitil) Nootropics Approved (Russia) ### Bromantane Nootropics Russia Approved ### Cyclazodone Nootropics Preclinical ### Dihexa Nootropics Preclinical Free 2026 Peptide Cheat Sheet (PDF) 38 compounds and blends: vial sizes, BAC water volumes, dosing ranges and bloodwork markers. 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It remains in clinical use in China, where oxiracetam served as the active comparator arm in a multicenter phase 3 trial run from 2019 to 2024 (PMID: 41381424). It has never been approved in the United States. Consumer-facing oxiracetam is sold as bulk powder or capsules under research-chemical terms. The molecule carries a chiral center and is normally supplied as the racemate. The S enantiomer, marketed and studied in China as S-oxiracetam or L-oxiracetam, is the active one: in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, S-oxiracetam and not R-oxiracetam relieved spatial learning and memory impairment, reduced neuron damage and white matter lesions and increased cerebral blood flow (PMID: 28855592). This matters for anyone reading the literature, because racemic and single-enantiomer studies are not interchangeable. Mechanistically oxiracetam is less well defined than aniracetam. 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Clearly negative results came from a 24-patient double-blind study in Alzheimer disease, where a broad neuropsychological battery showed no improvement in any patient (PMID: 1444879), and a 106-patient trial in solvent-related organic brain syndrome (PMID: 3296624). The largest modern trial, a 500-patient study commissioned by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, found no difference from placebo on either co-primary endpoint after 36 weeks (PMID: 41614470). Regulators have acted on those results. In February 2023 the South Korean drug regulator revoked the vascular cognitive impairment indication and ordered oxiracetam products withdrawn and destroyed after they failed clinical reassessment, and insurance coverage was suspended for seven products. 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This matters for anyone reading the literature, because racemic and single-enantiomer studies are not interchangeable. Mechanistically oxiracetam is less well defined than aniracetam. Rodent work links its behavioral effects to cholinergic function: it antagonized both scopolamine-induced behavioral disruption and the scopolamine-induced fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine in rats, with matching bell-shaped dose-effect curves (PMID: 2602443), and it prevented mecamylamine-induced impairment of active avoidance in mice (PMID: 2356212). It also acts on glutamatergic signaling: it prevented kynurenic acid antagonism of NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal slices (PMID: 9336311) and in slices of human neocortex taken during neurosurgery (PMID: 10381808). More recent work in APP/PS1 mice reports that oxiracetam slows desensitization of the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPA receptor subunits (PMID: 41739317). Human results are inconsistent across four decades. Positive placebo-controlled results were reported in a 289-patient multicenter trial in degenerative, multi-infarct and mixed dementia (PMID: 2693996) and in several smaller Italian studies. Clearly negative results came from a 24-patient double-blind study in Alzheimer disease, where a broad neuropsychological battery showed no improvement in any patient (PMID: 1444879), and a 106-patient trial in solvent-related organic brain syndrome (PMID: 3296624). The largest modern trial, a 500-patient study commissioned by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, found no difference from placebo on either co-primary endpoint after 36 weeks (PMID: 41614470). Regulators have acted on those results. In February 2023 the South Korean drug regulator revoked the vascular cognitive impairment indication and ordered oxiracetam products withdrawn and destroyed after they failed clinical reassessment, and insurance coverage was suspended for seven products. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration stated in a February 2019 warning letter that oxiracetam is not a dietary ingredient and that products bearing cognitive claims are unapproved new drugs.", "lastReviewed": "2026-10-19T06:35:47.250Z", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/oxiracetam", "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "BioChonch", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/about", "jobTitle": "Founder & Lead Researcher", "sameAs": [ "https://reddit.com/r/BodyHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/BrainHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/Biohackingher" ], "worksFor": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "BodyHackGuide", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co" } }, "reviewedBy": { "@type": "Person", "name": "BioChonch", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/about", "jobTitle": "Founder & Lead Researcher", "sameAs": [ "https://reddit.com/r/BodyHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/BrainHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/Biohackingher" ], "worksFor": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "BodyHackGuide", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co" } }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "BodyHackGuide", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co" }, "mainContentOfPage": { "@type": "WebPageElement", "cssSelector": "main" }, "about": { "@type": "Drug", "name": "Oxiracetam", "alternateName": [ "ISF 2522", "CGP 21690E", "Neuromet", "Hydroxypiracetam", "S-oxiracetam", "L-oxiracetam", "4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide" ], "description": "Oxiracetam is a hydroxylated analog of piracetam, developed in Italy in the early 1980s under the code ISF 2522 and also known as CGP 21690E. It was authorized for marketing in Italy under the trade name Neuromet on 21 April 1984 and was studied through the 1980s and 1990s in older patients with degenerative and multi-infarct dementia and with organic brain syndrome. It remains in clinical use in China, where oxiracetam served as the active comparator arm in a multicenter phase 3 trial run from 2019 to 2024 (PMID: 41381424). It has never been approved in the United States. Consumer-facing oxiracetam is sold as bulk powder or capsules under research-chemical terms. The molecule carries a chiral center and is normally supplied as the racemate. The S enantiomer, marketed and studied in China as S-oxiracetam or L-oxiracetam, is the active one: in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, S-oxiracetam and not R-oxiracetam relieved spatial learning and memory impairment, reduced neuron damage and white matter lesions and increased cerebral blood flow (PMID: 28855592). This matters for anyone reading the literature, because racemic and single-enantiomer studies are not interchangeable. Mechanistically oxiracetam is less well defined than aniracetam. Rodent work links its behavioral effects to cholinergic function: it antagonized both scopolamine-induced behavioral disruption and the scopolamine-induced fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine in rats, with matching bell-shaped dose-effect curves (PMID: 2602443), and it prevented mecamylamine-induced impairment of active avoidance in mice (PMID: 2356212). It also acts on glutamatergic signaling: it prevented kynurenic acid antagonism of NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal slices (PMID: 9336311) and in slices of human neocortex taken during neurosurgery (PMID: 10381808). More recent work in APP/PS1 mice reports that oxiracetam slows desensitization of the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPA receptor subunits (PMID: 41739317). Human results are inconsistent across four decades. Positive placebo-controlled results were reported in a 289-patient multicenter trial in degenerative, multi-infarct and mixed dementia (PMID: 2693996) and in several smaller Italian studies. Clearly negative results came from a 24-patient double-blind study in Alzheimer disease, where a broad neuropsychological battery showed no improvement in any patient (PMID: 1444879), and a 106-patient trial in solvent-related organic brain syndrome (PMID: 3296624). The largest modern trial, a 500-patient study commissioned by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, found no difference from placebo on either co-primary endpoint after 36 weeks (PMID: 41614470). Regulators have acted on those results. In February 2023 the South Korean drug regulator revoked the vascular cognitive impairment indication and ordered oxiracetam products withdrawn and destroyed after they failed clinical reassessment, and insurance coverage was suspended for seven products. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration stated in a February 2019 warning letter that oxiracetam is not a dietary ingredient and that products bearing cognitive claims are unapproved new drugs.", "activeIngredient": "Oxiracetam", "administrationRoute": "Oral, Intravenous infusion", "mechanismOfAction": "Oxiracetam has no single agreed molecular target. Rodent data support a cholinergic component: it reversed scopolamine-induced disruption of passive avoidance and radial maze performance in rats while preventing the associated fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine, with the same bell-shaped dose-effect relationship for both readouts (PMID: 2602443). It also acts on glutamate signaling. In rat hippocampal slices it prevented kynurenate antagonism of NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release in an assay that also responds to glycine-site and GABA-B ligands, which points to an allosteric action on the NMDA receptor complex (PMID: 9336311); the same effect appeared in human neocortical slices (PMID: 10381808). In APP/PS1 transgenic mice, oxiracetam slowed desensitization of the AMPA receptor GluA1 and GluA2 subunits and increased excitatory postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude in hippocampus (PMID: 41739317).", "dosageForm": "capsule", "legalStatus": "Not approved for human use (research chemical)", "warning": "For research purposes only. Not for human consumption." } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is Oxiracetam used for in research?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oxiracetam is a hydroxylated analog of piracetam, developed in Italy in the early 1980s under the code ISF 2522 and also known as CGP 21690E. It was authorized for marketing in Italy under the trade name Neuromet on 21 April 1984 and was studied through the 1980s and 1990s in older patients with degenerative and multi-infarct dementia and with organic brain syndrome. It remains in clinical use in China, where oxiracetam served as the active comparator arm in a multicenter phase 3 trial run from 2019 to 2024 (PMID: 41381424). It has never been approved in the United States. Consumer-facing oxiracetam is sold as bulk powder or capsules under research-chemical terms. The molecule carries a chiral center and is normally supplied as the racemate. The S enantiomer, marketed and studied in China as S-oxiracetam or L-oxiracetam, is the active one: in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, S-oxiracetam and not R-oxiracetam relieved spatial learning and memory impairment, reduced neuron damage and white matter lesions and increased cerebral blood flow (PMID: 28855592). This matters for anyone reading the literature, because racemic and single-enantiomer studies are not interchangeable. Mechanistically oxiracetam is less well defined than aniracetam. Rodent work links its behavioral effects to cholinergic function: it antagonized both scopolamine-induced behavioral disruption and the scopolamine-induced fall in hippocampal and cortical acetylcholine in rats, with matching bell-shaped dose-effect curves (PMID: 2602443), and it prevented mecamylamine-induced impairment of active avoidance in mice (PMID: 2356212). It also acts on glutamatergic signaling: it prevented kynurenic acid antagonism of NMDA-evoked noradrenaline release in rat hippocampal slices (PMID: 9336311) and in slices of human neocortex taken during neurosurgery (PMID: 10381808). More recent work in APP/PS1 mice reports that oxiracetam slows desensitization of the GluA1 and GluA2 AMPA receptor subunits (PMID: 41739317). Human results are inconsistent across four decades. Positive placebo-controlled results were reported in a 289-patient multicenter trial in degenerative, multi-infarct and mixed dementia (PMID: 2693996) and in several smaller Italian studies. Clearly negative results came from a 24-patient double-blind study in Alzheimer disease, where a broad neuropsychological battery showed no improvement in any patient (PMID: 1444879), and a 106-patient trial in solvent-related organic brain syndrome (PMID: 3296624). The largest modern trial, a 500-patient study commissioned by the South Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, found no difference from placebo on either co-primary endpoint after 36 weeks (PMID: 41614470). Regulators have acted on those results. In February 2023 the South Korean drug regulator revoked the vascular cognitive impairment indication and ordered oxiracetam products withdrawn and destroyed after they failed clinical reassessment, and insurance coverage was suspended for seven products. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration stated in a February 2019 warning letter that oxiracetam is not a dietary ingredient and that products bearing cognitive claims are unapproved new drugs." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What forms does Oxiracetam come in?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Oxiracetam is available in capsule form." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How do I compare Oxiracetam vendors?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Compare prices, payment methods, shipping, and COA scores across 1 vendor." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How many vendors sell Oxiracetam, and what does it cost per mg?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "1 of the vendors BodyHackGuide tracks list Oxiracetam (1 listing). Among BodyHackGuide's Oxiracetam listings recorded as in stock with a milligram count, the lowest price per milligram is $2.50/g at Disguised Alpha and the median is $2.50/g. The Oxiracetam prices on BodyHackGuide are vendors' listed prices as BodyHackGuide last recorded them, not transactions; the most recent recorded change to a Oxiracetam listing is dated 7 September 2026." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Which vendors have third-party COAs for Oxiracetam on file at BodyHackGuide?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "BodyHackGuide holds no third-party certificate records for Oxiracetam. Each vendor page on BodyHackGuide shows how many certificate records BodyHackGuide holds for that vendor." } } ] }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co#organization", "name": "BodyHackGuide", "alternateName": "BHG", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/logo.png", "width": 512, "height": 512 }, "description": "Evidence-based research reference for peptides and nootropics. 124+ compound profiles, interactive dosing calculators, vendor price comparisons, and trust-scored vendor reviews scored on a public, reproducible methodology applied to every vendor. We earn a commission on purchases through some of our links.", "foundingDate": "2024", "founder": { "@id": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/about#person" }, "sameAs": [ "https://reddit.com/r/BodyHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/BrainHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/Biohackingher", "https://discord.gg/Mhq5UdRYBA" ], "knowsAbout": [ "Peptide research", "Nootropic research", "Biohacking", "Compound dosing", "Vendor transparency" ], "publishingPrinciples": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/editorial-standards", "ethicsPolicy": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/editorial-standards", "diversityPolicy": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/editorial-standards" } ] ```