--- title: "Emoxypine: Research & Side Effects | BodyHackGuide" url: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/emoxypine description: "Emoxypine (Mexidol): mechanism, clinical studies & side effects." lang: en --- Skip to content Compare notes on r/BodyHackGuide (https://reddit.com/r/bodyhackguide) Compare notes with other researchers. Join r/BodyHackGuide (https://reddit.com/r/bodyhackguide) # Emoxypine (Mexidol) Nootropics: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/wiki#cat-nootropics Status Phase 3 Evidence Not graded on a research bench yet Emoxypine (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine) is a synthetic antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine class that was developed in the Soviet Union, and its succinate salt, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, is the Russian drug Mexidol. Reviewed 27 October 2026 01 Overview ## What Emoxypine (Mexidol) is Emoxypine succinate is a registered drug in Russia and Ukraine under trade names that include Mexidol, Mexicor and Armadin Long, but no emoxypine product appears in the FDA's Drugs@FDA database (PMID: 38403950; openFDA search on 25 October 2026). Of 566 PubMed records that name emoxypine or Mexidol in the title or abstract, 472 are in Russian (PubMed search on 25 October 2026). In the two largest placebo-controlled trials in adults, both sponsored by the manufacturer Pharmasoft, Mexidol beat placebo on disability after ischemic stroke (MIR, 304 patients) and on a cognitive test in chronic brain ischemia (MEMO, 318 patients), but both trials were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov only after they had finished (PMID: 40898634, PMID: 34932280, PMID: 35485068; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626, NCT06834490). ### How it works ### Two active parts Mexidol combines 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (emoxypine) with succinate (PMID: 40457664). Russian reviews link the 3-hydroxypyridine part to antioxidant and membrane effects, lower glutamate toxicity and effects on receptors and ion channels, and link the succinate part to energy metabolism and the succinate receptor SUCNR1 (PMID: 40457664, PMID: 30830123). The hydroxypyridine ring of emoxypine is structurally similar to pyridoxine (vitamin B6) (PMID: 35992374). Most mechanism work comes from Russian groups, including the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology in Moscow and Ryazan State Medical University (PMID: 31156232, PMID: 30830123). Read the full mechanism Show less ### Antioxidant effects (laboratory studies) In rat preparations, Mexidol inhibited glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and iron-induced lipid peroxidation, bound superoxide only at high concentrations, raised the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and lowered inducible nitric oxide synthase, without changing catalase or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (PMID: 22677663). A 2018 review from Ryazan adds increased expression of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 during ischemia (PMID: 30830123). ### Succinate and energy metabolism (proposed) The same reviews propose that the succinate part keeps the Krebs cycle enzyme succinate oxidase working when oxygen is short and signals through SUCNR1 (also called GPR91), raising tolerance to low oxygen (PMID: 30830123, PMID: 40457664). In rats given 100 mg/kg Mexidol intravenously, succinate was evenly distributed and quickly eliminated, and it rose mainly in the cytoplasm, with only a minor rise in the mitochondria, of liver, heart and brain cells (PMID: 37338763). ### Blood flow and GABA receptors (rat study) In rats, Mexidol increased local cerebral blood flow after brief global brain ischemia, and the GABA-A receptor blocker bicuculline abolished this effect, which the authors attributed to GABA receptors on brain vessels (PMID: 21254506). ### Pharmacokinetics In rats, a water-soluble emoxypine salt given into the abdominal cavity reached peak levels in plasma, brain and liver after 2 to 3 hours and had an elimination half-life of 2 to 6 hours (PMID: 3955219). In 16 patients given a 500 mg tablet, 0.31 percent of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine and 49.6 percent as a glucuronide conjugate within 11.5 hours, with large differences between patients (PMID: 10572752). No human plasma half-life appears in a PubMed abstract. ### Studied for - Ischemic stroke - Chronic cerebral ischemia - Cognitive impairment - ADHD - Oxidative stress - Succinate signaling and energy metabolism - Cerebrovascular disease ### Benefits listed - Disability on the modified Rankin scale after ischemic stroke in the 304-patient MIR trial (PMID: 40898634, PMID: 41456191) - Modified Rankin scale scores after hemispheric ischemic stroke in the 150-patient EPICA trial (PMID: 28665371) - MoCA cognitive test scores in chronic brain ischemia in the 318-patient MEMO trial (PMID: 34932280) - ADHD symptom scores (SNAP-IV) in children aged 6 to 12 in the 333-patient MEGA trial (PMID: 35485068) Show 2 more Show less - Symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, listed among significant results in a 2016 systematic review (PMID: 26822889) - Glutamate toxicity and lipid peroxidation in rat cell and tissue preparations (PMID: 22677663) 02 Research Free with email ## What the research shows No research bench grades Emoxypine (Mexidol) yet. Benches compare compounds people pair, with the evidence for each. ### Unlock the research summary Enter your email to keep reading. It is free, and it opens these sections on every compound page in this browser. - A summary of the key research - Safety and side effects - A link to the PubMed results You also get the free peptide cheat sheet by email. Unsubscribe anytime. Have an account? Sign in (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/auth) 03 Safety ## Emoxypine side effects and interactions ### Side effects #### Common - Adverse events in 23 percent of patients on Mexidol and 23 percent on placebo in the MIR stroke trial (PMID: 40898634) - Itchy throat, itchy nose and altered taste, each in 2 to 4 of 159 patients on Mexidol and none on placebo in the MEMO trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06834490) #### Serious events - Serious adverse events in 6 of 152 patients on Mexidol and 4 of 152 on placebo in the MIR trial, and deaths from any cause in 2 and 1 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626) - PubMed lists no study of Mexidol in pregnancy, and the MIR trial excluded pregnant and breastfeeding women (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626) ### Who should not use it Contraindications No FDA label exists for emoxypine. The first four cautions that follow are exclusion criteria of the MIR trial, a phase 3 trial sponsored by Pharmasoft, the maker of Mexidol (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626; PMID: 35485068). Read all the contraindications and cautions Show less **Hypersensitivity.** People with hypersensitivity or intolerance to ethylmethylhydroxypyridine, or a history of severe allergies, were excluded. **Liver and kidney disease.** People with liver disease and ALT or AST above twice the upper limit of normal, or kidney disease with eGFR below 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, were excluded. **Lactose intolerance.** People with lactose or galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption were excluded. **Pregnancy and breastfeeding.** Pregnant or breastfeeding women were excluded, and participants had to use contraception. **Children.** The only placebo-controlled pediatric trial found enrolled children aged 6 to 12 with ADHD (PMID: 35485068). ### Interactions 4 pairings in our record: 4 to monitor. - Drugs carried by P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) Monitor In Caco-2 cells Mexidol inhibited the drug transporter ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), more weakly than verapamil, and in HEK293 cells it inhibited SLCO1B1, more weakly than rifampicin. The authors judged the SLCO1B1 effect and systemic ABCB1 inhibition not clinically significant, but said ABCB1 inhibition in the gut should be tested in people (PMID: 38004395). - CYP3A4 substrates Monitor After a single oral dose of Mexidol, the urinary ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol, a marker of CYP3A4 activity, was about 3 times baseline over the first 24 hours and unchanged on days 2 and 3 in a Russian study in people; the abstract does not give the number of participants (PMID: 21254598). - Thrombolytics (alteplase, tenecteplase) Monitor In clots made from rat and human blood, Mexidol at 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml did not change clot breakdown by alteplase, tenecteplase or Fortelyzin (PMID: 41051816). This was a laboratory study. - Antihypertensive, antiplatelet and lipid-lowering drugs Monitor In a pooled analysis of the EPICA and MIR stroke trials, most patients also took antihypertensive, antiplatelet and lipid-lowering drugs, and adverse event rates with these combinations did not rise on Mexidol; the analysis was written by MIR investigators (PMID: 41984565). This interaction data is compiled from published research and community reports. It may not be exhaustive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds. Need bloodwork before starting? Full hormone + metabolic panels from Anabolic Insights. Code CHONCH for first-order discount. Order Bloodwork (https://anabolicinsights.ai/?ref=nwm2zjb) 04 Dosing Free with email ## Dosing No dose on record Our record lists no dose for Emoxypine (Mexidol). This section holds what it does list. ### Unlock the Dosing section - Route 05 Prices ## Emoxypine (Mexidol) prices No listings We do not track a vendor for Emoxypine (Mexidol) yet, so this page states no price. 06 Chemistry ## Chemistry and structure Molecular formula C12H17NO5 (succinate salt); C8H11NO (emoxypine base) Molecular mass 255.27 g/mol (succinate salt, Mexidol); 137.18 g/mol (emoxypine base) CAS number 127464-43-1 (succinate salt); 2364-75-2 (emoxypine base) Half-life No human plasma half-life found in PubMed abstracts. In rats, a water-soluble emoxypine salt had an elimination half-life of 2 to 6 hours after intraperitoneal dosing (PMID: 3955219); in 16 patients, about half of a 500 mg oral dose was excreted in urine as a glucuronide conjugate within 11.5 hours (PMID: 10572752). View on PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/122298) 07 Related ## Related to Emoxypine (Mexidol) ### In the same category - 9-Me-BC (9-Methyl-β-carboline)Preclinical 9-Methyl--carboline (9-Me-BC) is a synthetic -carboline alkaloid that has drawn nootropic-community interest for a preclinical property that is genuinely unusual among -carbolines: in rodent and cell-culture studies it appears to stimulate the dopaminergic phenotype - raising tyrosine hydroxylase, the number of differentiated dopamine neurons and dopamine content - while also showing neuroprotective, neurorestorative and anti-inflammatory effects, plus in-vitro MAO-A/MAO-B inhibition [PMID:17913302, PMID:20374418, PMID:32285253].: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/9-mbc - AniracetamApproved Aniracetam is a pyrrolidinone in the racetam family, developed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the code Ro 13-5057.: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/aniracetam - Bemethyl (bemitil)Approved Bemethyl, known in the Russian literature as bemitil and sold in the region under names including Metaprot, Bemactor and Antihot, is 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole, normally handled as the hydrobromide salt.: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/bemethyl - BPAPPreclinical BPAP, or (-)-BPAP, is a synthetic benzofuran compound, (R)-(-)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane, developed by Joseph Knoll's group at Semmelweis University in Budapest with Fujimoto Pharmaceutical Corporation of Osaka as a potential successor to selegiline (deprenyl).: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/bpap - BromantaneRussia Approved Bromantane is an atypical psychostimulant and anxiolytic developed in the 1980s at the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, originally created as an adaptogen for Soviet military and elite athletic use and later approved in Russia for the treatment of neurasthenic and asthenic disorders under the trade name Ladasten.: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/bromantane - CaffeineApproved Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a natural methylxanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, fruits, leaves, and bark of over 60 plant species — most notably Coffea (coffee), Camellia sinensis (tea), Theobroma cacao (cacao), Paullinia cupana (guaraná), Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate), and Cola acuminata (kola nut).: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/caffeine All compounds (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/wiki) ### Compare Emoxypine (Mexidol) - Alternatives to Emoxypine (Mexidol): https://www.bodyhackguide.co/alternatives-to/emoxypine ### Research tools - Peptide Calculator Reconstitution and syringe units: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/tools/reconstitution - Reconstitution Guide How to mix, step by step: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/guides/how-to-reconstitute-peptides - Nasal Spray Calc mL per actuation: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/tools/intranasal - Half-Life Visualizer Decay curves: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/tools/halflife All articles (https://www.bodyhackguide.co/blog) 08 Questions ## Frequently asked questions What is emoxypine (Mexidol)? Emoxypine is 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine, a synthetic antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine class, and Mexidol is the brand name of emoxypine succinate (PMID: 35992374, PMID: 38403950). Emoxypine succinate is a registered drug in Russia and Ukraine under trade names that include Mexidol, Mexicor and Armadin Long (PMID: 38403950). A 1991 Russian paper described emoxypine as a new Soviet-made antioxidant (PMID: 1661491). Is Mexidol approved by the FDA? Mexidol is not approved by the FDA, and a search of Drugs@FDA on 25 October 2026 found no record for emoxypine, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine or Mexidol. A 2023 review of nootropic supplements listed emoxypine (Mexidol), with phenibut, as an unapproved pharmaceutical among popular nootropic ingredients (PMID: 37357012). What did the main Mexidol stroke trials find? In the MIR trial, 304 adults with a first moderate ischemic stroke who had not received clot-dissolving or clot-removal treatment were given Mexidol or placebo for 70 days in 17 centres in Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan (PMID: 40898634, PMID: 41456191). In the MIR trial, disability on the modified Rankin scale fell by an average of 2.45 points with Mexidol against 2.01 points with placebo, meeting the primary endpoint (p=0.003) (PMID: 41456191). The earlier 150-patient EPICA trial of Mexidol also found lower modified Rankin scores than with placebo at the end of treatment (p=0.04) (PMID: 28665371). The MIR and EPICA trials of Mexidol were both sponsored by Pharmasoft, the maker of Mexidol (PMID: 35485068), and both were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov after their primary completion dates (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626, NCT02793687). Does Mexidol improve memory or thinking? In the MEMO trial of 318 people with chronic brain ischemia, MoCA cognitive test scores rose by 4.22 points over 75 days with Mexidol and by 2.17 points with placebo, meeting the primary endpoint (PMID: 34932280; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06834490). A 2024 meta-analysis of 10 trials found MoCA scores 2.06 points higher with Mexidol than with basic therapy alone, and its first author is also a MEMO author (PMID: 38261288, PMID: 34932280). The Mexidol cognition trials enrolled patients with brain ischemia, not healthy people. Has Mexidol been tested in children? In the MEGA trial, 333 children aged 6 to 12 with ADHD in 14 Russian centres took Mexidol 125 mg twice daily, Mexidol 125 mg once daily, or placebo for 6 weeks (PMID: 35485068). In the MEGA trial, ADHD symptom scores on the SNAP-IV scale fell by 9.33 points with twice-daily Mexidol, 7.31 points with once-daily Mexidol and 3.93 points with placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06854601). The MEGA trial of Mexidol ran from 2019 to 2020 and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in February 2025 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06854601). What side effects were reported with Mexidol? In the MIR stroke trial, adverse events occurred in 23 percent of patients on Mexidol and 23 percent on placebo (PMID: 40898634). In the MEMO trial, no deaths or serious adverse events occurred among 318 patients, and events recorded more often on Mexidol than on placebo included itchy throat (4 against 0) and altered taste (2 against 0) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06834490). The Mexidol safety data come mainly from trials sponsored by its manufacturer, and the MIR trial excluded pregnant and breastfeeding women (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626). How strong is the evidence for Mexidol? Most Mexidol research is published in Russian, and a 2023 meta-analysis of 11 Mexidol stroke studies found that only 2 of them were randomized (PMID: 38148698). The four largest double-blind Mexidol trials found for this guide (EPICA, MEMO, MEGA and MIR) were sponsored by Pharmasoft and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov only after their primary completion dates (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02793687, NCT06834490, NCT06854601, NCT06437626). A 2016 systematic review from Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam counted Mexidol among treatments with significant results for diabetic neuropathy symptoms (PMID: 26822889). Free 2026 Peptide Cheat Sheet (PDF) 38 compounds and blends: vial sizes, BAC water volumes, dosing ranges and bloodwork markers. 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All rights reserved. - Terms: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/terms - Privacy: https://www.bodyhackguide.co/privacy ## Structured data ```json [ { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Compounds", "item": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compare" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Emoxypine (Mexidol)" } ] }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Emoxypine (Mexidol)", "description": "Emoxypine (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine) is a synthetic antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine class that was developed in the Soviet Union, and its succinate salt, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, is the Russian drug Mexidol (PMID: 1661491, PMID: 35992374, PMID: 38403950). Emoxypine succinate is a registered drug in Russia and Ukraine under trade names that include Mexidol, Mexicor and Armadin Long, but no emoxypine product appears in the FDA's Drugs@FDA database (PMID: 38403950; openFDA search on 25 October 2026). Of 566 PubMed records that name emoxypine or Mexidol in the title or abstract, 472 are in Russian (PubMed search on 25 October 2026). 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Emoxypine succinate is a registered drug in Russia and Ukraine under trade names that include Mexidol, Mexicor and Armadin Long, but no emoxypine product appears in the FDA's Drugs@FDA database (PMID: 38403950; openFDA search on 25 October 2026). Of 566 PubMed records that name emoxypine or Mexidol in the title or abstract, 472 are in Russian (PubMed search on 25 October 2026). In the two largest placebo-controlled trials in adults, both sponsored by the manufacturer Pharmasoft, Mexidol beat placebo on disability after ischemic stroke (MIR, 304 patients) and on a cognitive test in chronic brain ischemia (MEMO, 318 patients), but both trials were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov only after they had finished (PMID: 40898634, PMID: 34932280, PMID: 35485068; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626, NCT06834490).", "activeIngredient": "Emoxypine (Mexidol)", "administrationRoute": "Intravenous, Intramuscular, Oral", "mechanismOfAction": "Two active parts Mexidol combines 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (emoxypine) with succinate (PMID: 40457664). Russian reviews link the 3-hydroxypyridine part to antioxidant and membrane effects, lower glutamate toxicity and effects on receptors and ion channels, and link the succinate part to energy metabolism and the succinate receptor SUCNR1 (PMID: 40457664, PMID: 30830123). The hydroxypyridine ring of emoxypine is structurally similar to pyridoxine (vitamin B6) (PMID: 35992374). Most mechanism work comes from Russian groups, including the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology in Moscow and Ryazan State Medical University (PMID: 31156232, PMID: 30830123). Antioxidant effects (laboratory studies) In rat preparations, Mexidol inhibited glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and iron-induced lipid peroxidation, bound superoxide only at high concentrations, raised the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase and lowered inducible nitric oxide synthase, without changing catalase or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (PMID: 22677663). A 2018 review from Ryazan adds increased expression of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 during ischemia (PMID: 30830123). Succinate and energy metabolism (proposed) The same reviews propose that the succinate part keeps the Krebs cycle enzyme succinate oxidase working when oxygen is short and signals through SUCNR1 (also called GPR91), raising tolerance to low oxygen (PMID: 30830123, PMID: 40457664). In rats given 100 mg/kg Mexidol intravenously, succinate was evenly distributed and quickly eliminated, and it rose mainly in the cytoplasm, with only a minor rise in the mitochondria, of liver, heart and brain cells (PMID: 37338763). Blood flow and GABA receptors (rat study) In rats, Mexidol increased local cerebral blood flow after brief global brain ischemia, and the GABA-A receptor blocker bicuculline abolished this effect, which the authors attributed to GABA receptors on brain vessels (PMID: 21254506). Pharmacokinetics In rats, a water-soluble emoxypine salt given into the abdominal cavity reached peak levels in plasma, brain and liver after 2 to 3 hours and had an elimination half-life of 2 to 6 hours (PMID: 3955219). In 16 patients given a 500 mg tablet, 0.31 percent of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine and 49.6 percent as a glucuronide conjugate within 11.5 hours, with large differences between patients (PMID: 10572752). No human plasma half-life appears in a PubMed abstract.", "legalStatus": "Not approved for human use (research chemical)", "warning": "For research purposes only. Not for human consumption." } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is emoxypine (Mexidol)?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Emoxypine is 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine, a synthetic antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine class, and Mexidol is the brand name of emoxypine succinate (PMID: 35992374, PMID: 38403950). Emoxypine succinate is a registered drug in Russia and Ukraine under trade names that include Mexidol, Mexicor and Armadin Long (PMID: 38403950). A 1991 Russian paper described emoxypine as a new Soviet-made antioxidant (PMID: 1661491)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Is Mexidol approved by the FDA?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Mexidol is not approved by the FDA, and a search of Drugs@FDA on 25 October 2026 found no record for emoxypine, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine or Mexidol. A 2023 review of nootropic supplements listed emoxypine (Mexidol), with phenibut, as an unapproved pharmaceutical among popular nootropic ingredients (PMID: 37357012)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What did the main Mexidol stroke trials find?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "In the MIR trial, 304 adults with a first moderate ischemic stroke who had not received clot-dissolving or clot-removal treatment were given Mexidol or placebo for 70 days in 17 centres in Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan (PMID: 40898634, PMID: 41456191). In the MIR trial, disability on the modified Rankin scale fell by an average of 2.45 points with Mexidol against 2.01 points with placebo, meeting the primary endpoint (p=0.003) (PMID: 41456191). The earlier 150-patient EPICA trial of Mexidol also found lower modified Rankin scores than with placebo at the end of treatment (p=0.04) (PMID: 28665371). The MIR and EPICA trials of Mexidol were both sponsored by Pharmasoft, the maker of Mexidol (PMID: 35485068), and both were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov after their primary completion dates (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626, NCT02793687)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Does Mexidol improve memory or thinking?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "In the MEMO trial of 318 people with chronic brain ischemia, MoCA cognitive test scores rose by 4.22 points over 75 days with Mexidol and by 2.17 points with placebo, meeting the primary endpoint (PMID: 34932280; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06834490). A 2024 meta-analysis of 10 trials found MoCA scores 2.06 points higher with Mexidol than with basic therapy alone, and its first author is also a MEMO author (PMID: 38261288, PMID: 34932280). The Mexidol cognition trials enrolled patients with brain ischemia, not healthy people." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Has Mexidol been tested in children?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "In the MEGA trial, 333 children aged 6 to 12 with ADHD in 14 Russian centres took Mexidol 125 mg twice daily, Mexidol 125 mg once daily, or placebo for 6 weeks (PMID: 35485068). In the MEGA trial, ADHD symptom scores on the SNAP-IV scale fell by 9.33 points with twice-daily Mexidol, 7.31 points with once-daily Mexidol and 3.93 points with placebo (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06854601). The MEGA trial of Mexidol ran from 2019 to 2020 and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in February 2025 (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06854601)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What side effects were reported with Mexidol?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "In the MIR stroke trial, adverse events occurred in 23 percent of patients on Mexidol and 23 percent on placebo (PMID: 40898634). In the MEMO trial, no deaths or serious adverse events occurred among 318 patients, and events recorded more often on Mexidol than on placebo included itchy throat (4 against 0) and altered taste (2 against 0) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06834490). The Mexidol safety data come mainly from trials sponsored by its manufacturer, and the MIR trial excluded pregnant and breastfeeding women (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06437626)." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How strong is the evidence for Mexidol?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Most Mexidol research is published in Russian, and a 2023 meta-analysis of 11 Mexidol stroke studies found that only 2 of them were randomized (PMID: 38148698). The four largest double-blind Mexidol trials found for this guide (EPICA, MEMO, MEGA and MIR) were sponsored by Pharmasoft and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov only after their primary completion dates (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02793687, NCT06834490, NCT06854601, NCT06437626). A 2016 systematic review from Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam counted Mexidol among treatments with significant results for diabetic neuropathy symptoms (PMID: 26822889)." } } ] }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co#organization", "name": "BodyHackGuide", "alternateName": "BHG", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/logo.png", "width": 512, "height": 512 }, "description": "Evidence-based research reference for peptides and nootropics. 273 compound profiles, interactive dosing calculators, vendor price comparisons, and trust-scored vendor reviews scored on a public, reproducible methodology applied to every vendor. 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