--- title: "Amlexanox: Dosing & Vendor Prices — BodyHackGuide" description: "Amlexanox: dosing protocols, mechanism & side effects. Compare 1 verified vendor prices." lang: en json-ld: | [ { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Compounds", "item": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compare" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Amlexanox" } ] }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Product", "name": "Amlexanox", "description": "Amlexanox is an old anti-inflammatory drug with a second life. It was approved by the FDA in 1996 as a 5 percent oral paste under the brand name Aphthasol for canker sores, and it has also been used clinically as an anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicine (PMID: 23396211). The US paste product was later discontinued following the end of a commercial licensing agreement rather than because of a safety finding. It is a small molecule, not a peptide, and it is taken by mouth. The metabolic interest started in 2013 at the University of Michigan. Alan Saltiel and colleagues were studying two related protein kinases, TBK1 and IKK-epsilon, which are switched on in liver and fat during high-fat feeding and which appear to work as a brake on energy expenditure, keeping the body in storage mode. Screening for inhibitors turned up amlexanox, a drug already approved and already known to be tolerated in people. Treating obese mice with it raised energy expenditure through increased thermogenesis, producing weight loss, better insulin sensitivity and less fatty liver (PMID: 23396211). That is a genuinely interesting mechanism because it is neither a stimulant nor an appetite suppressant. The weight change came from the energy expenditure side, and the same laboratory later reported that amlexanox improves dyslipidemia and prevents atherosclerosis in mice (PMID: 35917178). Human testing followed, and the results are more measured than the mouse data. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 42 obese patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease found a statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine on amlexanox. Only a subset of participants also improved on insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis, and those responders could be distinguished by an inflammatory gene expression signature in their baseline subcutaneous fat biopsy (PMID: 28683283; NCT01975935). An earlier version of the study was terminated after enrolling seven people (NCT01842282). No trial has tested amlexanox for weight loss in people without diabetes, and the published human record is one completed trial of 42 patients. The rest of the recent literature is preclinical work on TBK1 and IKK-epsilon inhibition in fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, psoriasis, lupus and several cancers (PMID: 40519640; PMID: 40341181; PMID: 41110750), which reflects how central these kinases are to inflammatory signaling rather than any established human benefit in those conditions. Capsules sold for metabolic use are an approved topical drug repackaged for a systemic indication that has been tested once, in 42 people, for twelve weeks.", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/compound/amlexanox", "image": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/og-image.png", "brand": { "@type": "Brand", "name": "Research Compound" }, "offers": { "@type": "AggregateOffer", "lowPrice": "79.99", "highPrice": "79.99", "priceCurrency": "USD", "offerCount": "1", "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock", "offers": [ { "@type": "Offer", "price": "79.99", "priceCurrency": "USD", "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock", "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition", "url": "https://disguisedalpha.com/product/amlexanox/?coupon=reddit", "seller": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Disguised Alpha", "url": "https://disguisedalpha.com/?coupon=reddit" } } ] } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "name": "Amlexanox", "description": "Amlexanox is an old anti-inflammatory drug with a second life. It was approved by the FDA in 1996 as a 5 percent oral paste under the brand name Aphthasol for canker sores, and it has also been used clinically as an anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicine (PMID: 23396211). The US paste product was later discontinued following the end of a commercial licensing agreement rather than because of a safety finding. It is a small molecule, not a peptide, and it is taken by mouth. The metabolic interest started in 2013 at the University of Michigan. Alan Saltiel and colleagues were studying two related protein kinases, TBK1 and IKK-epsilon, which are switched on in liver and fat during high-fat feeding and which appear to work as a brake on energy expenditure, keeping the body in storage mode. Screening for inhibitors turned up amlexanox, a drug already approved and already known to be tolerated in people. Treating obese mice with it raised energy expenditure through increased thermogenesis, producing weight loss, better insulin sensitivity and less fatty liver (PMID: 23396211). That is a genuinely interesting mechanism because it is neither a stimulant nor an appetite suppressant. The weight change came from the energy expenditure side, and the same laboratory later reported that amlexanox improves dyslipidemia and prevents atherosclerosis in mice (PMID: 35917178). Human testing followed, and the results are more measured than the mouse data. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 42 obese patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease found a statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine on amlexanox. Only a subset of participants also improved on insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis, and those responders could be distinguished by an inflammatory gene expression signature in their baseline subcutaneous fat biopsy (PMID: 28683283; NCT01975935). An earlier version of the study was terminated after enrolling seven people (NCT01842282). No trial has tested amlexanox for weight loss in people without diabetes, and the published human record is one completed trial of 42 patients. The rest of the recent literature is preclinical work on TBK1 and IKK-epsilon inhibition in fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, psoriasis, lupus and several cancers (PMID: 40519640; PMID: 40341181; PMID: 41110750), which reflects how central these kinases are to inflammatory signaling rather than any established human benefit in those conditions. 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It was approved by the FDA in 1996 as a 5 percent oral paste under the brand name Aphthasol for canker sores, and it has also been used clinically as an anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicine (PMID: 23396211). The US paste product was later discontinued following the end of a commercial licensing agreement rather than because of a safety finding. It is a small molecule, not a peptide, and it is taken by mouth. The metabolic interest started in 2013 at the University of Michigan. Alan Saltiel and colleagues were studying two related protein kinases, TBK1 and IKK-epsilon, which are switched on in liver and fat during high-fat feeding and which appear to work as a brake on energy expenditure, keeping the body in storage mode. Screening for inhibitors turned up amlexanox, a drug already approved and already known to be tolerated in people. Treating obese mice with it raised energy expenditure through increased thermogenesis, producing weight loss, better insulin sensitivity and less fatty liver (PMID: 23396211). That is a genuinely interesting mechanism because it is neither a stimulant nor an appetite suppressant. The weight change came from the energy expenditure side, and the same laboratory later reported that amlexanox improves dyslipidemia and prevents atherosclerosis in mice (PMID: 35917178). Human testing followed, and the results are more measured than the mouse data. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 42 obese patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease found a statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine on amlexanox. Only a subset of participants also improved on insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis, and those responders could be distinguished by an inflammatory gene expression signature in their baseline subcutaneous fat biopsy (PMID: 28683283; NCT01975935). An earlier version of the study was terminated after enrolling seven people (NCT01842282). No trial has tested amlexanox for weight loss in people without diabetes, and the published human record is one completed trial of 42 patients. The rest of the recent literature is preclinical work on TBK1 and IKK-epsilon inhibition in fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, psoriasis, lupus and several cancers (PMID: 40519640; PMID: 40341181; PMID: 41110750), which reflects how central these kinases are to inflammatory signaling rather than any established human benefit in those conditions. Capsules sold for metabolic use are an approved topical drug repackaged for a systemic indication that has been tested once, in 42 people, for twelve weeks.", "activeIngredient": "Amlexanox", "administrationRoute": "Oral, Topical oral paste", "mechanismOfAction": "Amlexanox inhibits the non-canonical IkB kinases TBK1 and IKK-epsilon. These kinases are induced in liver and adipose tissue by NF-kB activation during high-fat feeding and initiate a counter-inflammatory program that preserves energy storage and suppresses energy expenditure; inhibiting them in obese mice raised thermogenesis, produced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatic steatosis (PMID: 23396211). In humans, the drug reduced hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine, with insulin sensitivity and steatosis responses confined to a subgroup identifiable by baseline adipose inflammatory gene expression, consistent with the effect running through inflammatory signaling rather than a direct metabolic target (PMID: 28683283). Amlexanox also inhibits phosphodiesterase 4B in activated macrophages, a second anti-inflammatory mechanism (PMID: 32504661).", "dosageForm": "capsule", "legalStatus": "Not approved for human use — research chemical", "warning": "For research purposes only. Not for human consumption." } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "What is Amlexanox used for in research?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Amlexanox is an old anti-inflammatory drug with a second life. It was approved by the FDA in 1996 as a 5 percent oral paste under the brand name Aphthasol for canker sores, and it has also been used clinically as an anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicine (PMID: 23396211). The US paste product was later discontinued following the end of a commercial licensing agreement rather than because of a safety finding. It is a small molecule, not a peptide, and it is taken by mouth. The metabolic interest started in 2013 at the University of Michigan. Alan Saltiel and colleagues were studying two related protein kinases, TBK1 and IKK-epsilon, which are switched on in liver and fat during high-fat feeding and which appear to work as a brake on energy expenditure, keeping the body in storage mode. Screening for inhibitors turned up amlexanox, a drug already approved and already known to be tolerated in people. Treating obese mice with it raised energy expenditure through increased thermogenesis, producing weight loss, better insulin sensitivity and less fatty liver (PMID: 23396211). That is a genuinely interesting mechanism because it is neither a stimulant nor an appetite suppressant. The weight change came from the energy expenditure side, and the same laboratory later reported that amlexanox improves dyslipidemia and prevents atherosclerosis in mice (PMID: 35917178). Human testing followed, and the results are more measured than the mouse data. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 42 obese patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease found a statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine on amlexanox. Only a subset of participants also improved on insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis, and those responders could be distinguished by an inflammatory gene expression signature in their baseline subcutaneous fat biopsy (PMID: 28683283; NCT01975935). An earlier version of the study was terminated after enrolling seven people (NCT01842282). No trial has tested amlexanox for weight loss in people without diabetes, and the published human record is one completed trial of 42 patients. The rest of the recent literature is preclinical work on TBK1 and IKK-epsilon inhibition in fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, psoriasis, lupus and several cancers (PMID: 40519640; PMID: 40341181; PMID: 41110750), which reflects how central these kinases are to inflammatory signaling rather than any established human benefit in those conditions. Capsules sold for metabolic use are an approved topical drug repackaged for a systemic indication that has been tested once, in 42 people, for twelve weeks." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "What forms does Amlexanox come in?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Amlexanox is available in capsule form." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How much does Amlexanox cost?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Prices start at $79.99 across 1 verified vendor." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "How do I compare Amlexanox vendors?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Compare prices, payment methods, shipping, and COA scores across 1 vendor." } } ] }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co#organization", "name": "BodyHackGuide", "alternateName": "BHG", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/logo.png", "width": 512, "height": 512 }, "description": "Evidence-based research reference for peptides and nootropics. 124+ compound profiles, interactive dosing calculators, real-time vendor pricing, and trust-scored vendor reviews scored on a public, reproducible methodology applied to every vendor. BodyHackGuide and BHG Labs share common ownership, and we earn a commission on purchases through our links.", "foundingDate": "2024", "founder": { "@id": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/about#person" }, "sameAs": [ "https://x.com/bodyhackguide", "https://reddit.com/r/BodyHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/BrainHackGuide", "https://reddit.com/r/Biohackingher", "https://discord.gg/Mhq5UdRYBA" ], "knowsAbout": [ "Peptide research", "Nootropic research", "Biohacking", "Compound dosing", "Vendor transparency" ], "publishingPrinciples": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/editorial-standards", "ethicsPolicy": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/editorial-standards", "diversityPolicy": "https://www.bodyhackguide.co/editorial-standards" } ] --- [Skip to content](#main-content) ## Research Use Only This site is an **educational resource** for research compounds. We do **not endorse** human consumption of any compound. BodyHackGuide and **BHG Labs share common ownership**; we rank every vendor on the same public methodology, and we earn a commission on purchases through our links. By entering, you confirm you are **21 years of age or older** and agree to our [Terms](/terms) & [Privacy Policy](/privacy). I'm 21+ — Enter SiteLeave site [![BodyHackGuide](/assets/bodyhackguide-logo-DOzZNUyh.webp)BodyHackGuide ](/) [Compare](/compare)[Wiki](/wiki)[Vendors](/vendors)[Deals](/deals)[Stacks](/stack-builder)[Nootropics](/nootropics)[Tools](/tools) Learn Community Search ⌘K [Sign In](/auth?returnTo=%2Fcompound%2Famlexanox) 100K+ researchers trust BodyHackGuide — Join [r/BodyHackGuide](https://reddit.com/r/bodyhackguide) 1. [Home](/) 2. [Compounds](/compare) 3. Amlexanox [Where to buy Amlexanox](/buy/amlexanox) [Amlexanox coupon codes](/coupons/amlexanox) [Amlexanox protocol](/protocol/amlexanox) [Alternatives to Amlexanox](/alternatives-to/amlexanox) [Amlexanox side effects](/side-effects/amlexanox) 1. [Home](/) 3. [Compounds](/compare) 5. Amlexanox ![Amlexanox molecular structure](/assets/peptide-structure-placeholder-DUmZBF_j.png) # Amlexanox Metabolic FDA Approved Download PDF Also known as: Aphthasol, Solfa, AA-673, CHX-3673, Amoxanox, Elics Amlexanox is an old anti-inflammatory drug with a second life. It was approved by the FDA in 1996 as a 5 percent oral paste under the brand name Aphthasol for canker sores, and it has also been used clinically as an anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicine (PMID: 23396211). Half-Life: Not established in published human pharmacokinetic studies for the oral capsule form; a validated plasma assay has been used for preclinical pharmacokinetics in rats (PMID: 34842293) Route: Oral, Topical oral paste MW: 298.29 g/mol CAS: 68302-57-8 Last reviewed: Sep 7, 2026 [ Metabolic Category ](/wiki#cat-metabolic) FDA Approved Research Stage OverviewChemical InfoDosing & ProtocolsInteractionsResearchCompare Prices1 Related ## Overview ### Best Price Available ![Disguised Alpha logo](https://disguisedalpha.com/wp-content/themes/assets/logos/disguised-logo-2x.png) Disguised Alpha $79.99 60 capsules · capsule [Buy Now](https://disguisedalpha.com/product/amlexanox/?coupon=reddit) Compare 1 vendor ### At A Glance Mechanism Amlexanox inhibits the non-canonical IkB kinases TBK1 and IKK-epsilon. These kinases are induced in liver and adipose tissue by NF-kB activation during high-fat feeding and initiate a counter-inflammatory program that preserves energy storage and suppresses energy expenditure; in… Half-Life Not established in published human pharmacokinetic studies for the oral capsule form; a validated plasma assay has been used for preclinical pharmacokinetics in rats (PMID: 34842293) Routes Oral Topical oral paste Potential Benefits Reduced hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of 42 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (PMID: 28683283) Improved insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in a responder subset of that same trial, identifiable by baseline adipose inflammatory gene expression (PMID: 28683283) Increased energy expenditure through thermogenesis, producing weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and decreased steatosis in obese mice (PMID: 23396211) Improved diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and protected against atherosclerosis in Western-diet-fed Ldlr knockout mice (PMID: 35917178) ### Overview Amlexanox is an old anti-inflammatory drug with a second life. It was approved by the FDA in 1996 as a 5 percent oral paste under the brand name Aphthasol for canker sores, and it has also been used clinically as an anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicine (PMID: 23396211). The US paste product was later discontinued following the end of a commercial licensing agreement rather than because of a safety finding. It is a small molecule, not a peptide, and it is taken by mouth. The metabolic interest started in 2013 at the University of Michigan. Alan Saltiel and colleagues were studying two related protein kinases, TBK1 and IKK-epsilon, which are switched on in liver and fat during high-fat feeding and which appear to work as a brake on energy expenditure, keeping the body in storage mode. Screening for inhibitors turned up amlexanox, a drug already approved and already known to be tolerated in people. Treating obese mice with it raised energy expenditure through increased thermogenesis, producing weight loss, better insulin sensitivity and less fatty liver (PMID: 23396211). That is a genuinely interesting mechanism because it is neither a stimulant nor an appetite suppressant. The weight change came from the energy expenditure side, and the same laboratory later reported that amlexanox improves dyslipidemia and prevents atherosclerosis in mice (PMID: 35917178). Human testing followed, and the results are more measured than the mouse data. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 42 obese patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease found a statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine on amlexanox. Only a subset of participants also improved on insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis, and those responders could be distinguished by an inflammatory gene expression signature in their baseline subcutaneous fat biopsy (PMID: 28683283; NCT01975935). An earlier version of the study was terminated after enrolling seven people (NCT01842282). No trial has tested amlexanox for weight loss in people without diabetes, and the published human record is one completed trial of 42 patients. The rest of the recent literature is preclinical work on TBK1 and IKK-epsilon inhibition in fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, psoriasis, lupus and several cancers (PMID: 40519640; PMID: 40341181; PMID: 41110750), which reflects how central these kinases are to inflammatory signaling rather than any established human benefit in those conditions. Capsules sold for metabolic use are an approved topical drug repackaged for a systemic indication that has been tested once, in 42 people, for twelve weeks. ### Potential Research Fields TBK1 and IKK-epsilon inhibition Inflammation and insulin resistance Energy expenditure Drug repurposing ## Chemical Information IUPAC Name Not yet available CAS Number 68302-57-8 Molecular Formula C16H14N2O4 Molecular Mass 298.29 g/mol ![Amlexanox molecular structure](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/2161/PNG) [View on PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2161) ## Dosing & Protocols ### Unlock Dosing Protocols Free account gets you: - View beginner, intermediate & advanced protocols - See weight-based dosing calculations - Access cycle length & frequency data [Create free account](/auth)[Sign in](/auth) 2,800+ researchers already in ## Research ### Unlock Research Data Free account gets you: - Browse PubMed study summaries - See clinical trial phases & results - Access mechanism of action details [Create free account](/auth)[Sign in](/auth) 2,800+ researchers already in ## Interactions ### Contraindications Label-based for the approved topical paste, which carries its own prescribing information. For oral systemic use, no contraindications have been established because only one completed trial exists (PMID: 28683283). Mechanism-based caution applies: TBK1 and IKK-epsilon are central to antiviral interferon signaling, and amlexanox inhibits type I interferon production and B cell differentiation in laboratory studies (PMID: 40341181), so immune consequences of sustained inhibition are unquantified in humans. No pregnancy, lactation or pediatric data exist for systemic use. Research Disclaimer This interaction data is compiled from published research and community reports. It may not be exhaustive. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds. Best Price $79.99 Best $/mg — Vendors 1 Listings 1 capsule [Sign in for alerts ](/auth) Form Allcapsule Sort Price $/mg Vendor Vendor Product Form Qty Price $/mg Coupon ![Disguised Alpha logo](https://disguisedalpha.com/wp-content/themes/assets/logos/disguised-logo-2x.png) [Disguised Alpha](/vendor/disguised-alpha) [50 ](/vendor-trust-scorecard) 🇺🇸 US 🇪🇺 EU 🇬🇧 UK Amlexanox capsules (60) capsule 60 capsules ● In Stock $79.99 BEST — — [Buy](https://disguisedalpha.com/product/amlexanox/?coupon=reddit) Get Amlexanox Price Drop Alerts Set a target price and we'll notify you when any vendor drops below it. Current lowest: $79.99 [Sign in to set alerts](/auth) ### Sign in to leave a review Reviews on BodyHackGuide are tied to verified user accounts and moderated before publishing. Sign in (free, no spam) to share your experience with Amlexanox. [Sign in](/auth) Current low $79.99 as of Sep 7, 2026 7-day low $79.99 30-day low $79.99 30-day change — baseline building Tracking since Sep 7, 2026 · 1 data point ### Vendors Selling Amlexanox [ ![Disguised Alpha logo](https://disguisedalpha.com/wp-content/themes/assets/logos/disguised-logo-2x.png) #### Disguised Alpha 1 listing · from $79.99 ](/vendor/disguised-alpha) How we score these vendors Every supplier above is graded 0–100 on COA verification, payment transparency, shipping, reviews, and active listings. Methodology published, no pay-to-rank. [View Scorecard](/vendors/scorecard) ### Related Compounds [View All](/wiki) [ ### AICAR (acadesine) Metabolic Phase 3 AICAR is a nucleoside analog of adenosine. t½ Intact acadesine was measurable in plasma for only about 2 hours after a short intravenous infusion in four healthy men, with total plasma clearance of 2.2 L/h/kg and negligible protein binding; radiolabeled drug-derived material had an apparent terminal half-life of about one week, reflecting metabolites rather than parent compound (PMID: 8227467) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/aicar)[ ### Berberine Metabolic Preclinical Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid — a naturally occurring plant secondary metabolite with a characteristic yellow color — extracted from the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of several plant genera including Berberis (barberry, Oregon grape), Coptis (goldthread), Hydrastis (goldenseal), Phellodendron (Amur cork tree), and Tinospora (guduchi). Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/berberine)[ ### Cardarine (GW501516) Metabolic Discontinued Cardarine is the market name for GW501516, a synthetic agonist of the nuclear receptor PPAR-delta developed by GlaxoSmithKline as a treatment for low HDL cholesterol and the lipid problems that travel with metabolic syndrome. t½ Not reported in the published human trials; the phase 1 and phase 2 studies described lipid outcomes over two to twelve weeks of oral dosing without publishing a terminal half-life (PMID: 17110604; PMID: 22814748) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/cardarine)[ ### Metformin Metabolic Preclinical Metformin is a biguanide-class oral antihyperglycemic medication that has been in continuous clinical use since 1957 (in France under the brand name Glucophage) and is now the most-prescribed diabetes medication worldwide with over 150 million prescriptions annually. Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/metformin)[ ### SLU-PP-915 Metabolic Preclinical SLU-PP-915 is an experimental agonist of the estrogen-related receptors, a family of three orphan nuclear receptors called ERR-alpha, ERR-beta and ERR-gamma that control genes for mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation and the Krebs cycle. t½ Not established in humans; in mice it is orally bioavailable and active by both oral and intraperitoneal routes, unlike its predecessor SLU-PP-332 (PMID: 41421047) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/slu-pp-915)[ ### Sobetirome (GC-1) Metabolic Discontinued Sobetirome, also called GC-1 and later QRX-431, is a synthetic analog of thyroid hormone made in Thomas Scanlan laboratory and first described in 1998 as a high-affinity, subtype-selective agonist for the thyroid hormone receptor (PMID: 9653548). t½ Not established in humans; no peer-reviewed human pharmacokinetic study has been published, and the phase 1 program results were not reported in the peer-reviewed literature (PMID: 19002578) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/sobetirome) [ View Full Dosage Guide → Protocols, calculator & safety for Amlexanox ](/guides/dosage/amlexanox) ### Best Price ![Disguised Alpha logo](https://disguisedalpha.com/wp-content/themes/assets/logos/disguised-logo-2x.png) Disguised Alpha $79.99 [Buy Now](https://disguisedalpha.com/product/amlexanox/?coupon=reddit) 1 vendors · 1 listings ### Research Score 30 0 PubMed studies ### Quality Indicators Data Completeness 63% Description Mechanism of Action Chemical Data Dosing Protocols Safety Profile PubMed Studies Interactions Vendor Listings ### Quick Facts Half-Life Not established in published human pharmacokinetic studies for the oral capsule form; a validated plasma assay has been used for preclinical pharmacokinetics in rats (PMID: 34842293) Molecular Weight 298.29 g/mol Administration Oral, Topical oral paste CAS Number 68302-57-8 Trial Phase FDA Approved 0 [Full Dosage Guide](/guides/dosage/amlexanox)[Calculate Your Dose](/tools/reconstitution) Research Disclaimer This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not intended as medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before use. ## Frequently Asked Questions What is Amlexanox used for in research? Amlexanox is an old anti-inflammatory drug with a second life. It was approved by the FDA in 1996 as a 5 percent oral paste under the brand name Aphthasol for canker sores, and it has also been used clinically as an anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicine (PMID: 23396211). The US paste product was later discontinued following the end of a commercial licensing agreement rather than because of a safety finding. It is a small molecule, not a peptide, and it is taken by mouth. The metabolic interest started in 2013 at the University of Michigan. Alan Saltiel and colleagues were studying two related protein kinases, TBK1 and IKK-epsilon, which are switched on in liver and fat during high-fat feeding and which appear to work as a brake on energy expenditure, keeping the body in storage mode. Screening for inhibitors turned up amlexanox, a drug already approved and already known to be tolerated in people. Treating obese mice with it raised energy expenditure through increased thermogenesis, producing weight loss, better insulin sensitivity and less fatty liver (PMID: 23396211). That is a genuinely interesting mechanism because it is neither a stimulant nor an appetite suppressant. The weight change came from the energy expenditure side, and the same laboratory later reported that amlexanox improves dyslipidemia and prevents atherosclerosis in mice (PMID: 35917178). Human testing followed, and the results are more measured than the mouse data. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 42 obese patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease found a statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine on amlexanox. Only a subset of participants also improved on insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis, and those responders could be distinguished by an inflammatory gene expression signature in their baseline subcutaneous fat biopsy (PMID: 28683283; NCT01975935). An earlier version of the study was terminated after enrolling seven people (NCT01842282). No trial has tested amlexanox for weight loss in people without diabetes, and the published human record is one completed trial of 42 patients. The rest of the recent literature is preclinical work on TBK1 and IKK-epsilon inhibition in fatty liver disease, kidney fibrosis, psoriasis, lupus and several cancers (PMID: 40519640; PMID: 40341181; PMID: 41110750), which reflects how central these kinases are to inflammatory signaling rather than any established human benefit in those conditions. Capsules sold for metabolic use are an approved topical drug repackaged for a systemic indication that has been tested once, in 42 people, for twelve weeks. What forms does Amlexanox come in? Amlexanox is available in capsule form. How much does Amlexanox cost? Prices start at $79.99 across 1 verified vendor. How do I compare Amlexanox vendors? Compare prices, payment methods, shipping, and COA scores across 1 vendor. ## Research Tools [ ### Peptide Calculator Reconstitution & syringe units ](/tools/reconstitution)[ ### Reconstitution Guide How to mix, step by step ](/guides/how-to-reconstitute-peptides)[ ### Nasal Spray Calc mL per actuation ](/tools/intranasal)[ ### Half-Life Visualizer Decay curves ](/tools/halflife) ## Related Compounds [View All](/wiki) [ ### AICAR (acadesine) Metabolic Phase 3 AICAR is a nucleoside analog of adenosine. t½ Intact acadesine was measurable in plasma for only about 2 hours after a short intravenous infusion in four healthy men, with total plasma clearance of 2.2 L/h/kg and negligible protein binding; radiolabeled drug-derived material had an apparent terminal half-life of about one week, reflecting metabolites rather than parent compound (PMID: 8227467) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/aicar)[ ### Berberine Metabolic Preclinical Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid — a naturally occurring plant secondary metabolite with a characteristic yellow color — extracted from the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of several plant genera including Berberis (barberry, Oregon grape), Coptis (goldthread), Hydrastis (goldenseal), Phellodendron (Amur cork tree), and Tinospora (guduchi). Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/berberine)[ ### Cardarine (GW501516) Metabolic Discontinued Cardarine is the market name for GW501516, a synthetic agonist of the nuclear receptor PPAR-delta developed by GlaxoSmithKline as a treatment for low HDL cholesterol and the lipid problems that travel with metabolic syndrome. t½ Not reported in the published human trials; the phase 1 and phase 2 studies described lipid outcomes over two to twelve weeks of oral dosing without publishing a terminal half-life (PMID: 17110604; PMID: 22814748) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/cardarine)[ ### Metformin Metabolic Preclinical Metformin is a biguanide-class oral antihyperglycemic medication that has been in continuous clinical use since 1957 (in France under the brand name Glucophage) and is now the most-prescribed diabetes medication worldwide with over 150 million prescriptions annually. Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/metformin)[ ### SLU-PP-915 Metabolic Preclinical SLU-PP-915 is an experimental agonist of the estrogen-related receptors, a family of three orphan nuclear receptors called ERR-alpha, ERR-beta and ERR-gamma that control genes for mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation and the Krebs cycle. t½ Not established in humans; in mice it is orally bioavailable and active by both oral and intraperitoneal routes, unlike its predecessor SLU-PP-332 (PMID: 41421047) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/slu-pp-915)[ ### Sobetirome (GC-1) Metabolic Discontinued Sobetirome, also called GC-1 and later QRX-431, is a synthetic analog of thyroid hormone made in Thomas Scanlan laboratory and first described in 1998 as a high-affinity, subtype-selective agonist for the thyroid hormone receptor (PMID: 9653548). t½ Not established in humans; no peer-reviewed human pharmacokinetic study has been published, and the phase 1 program results were not reported in the peer-reviewed literature (PMID: 19002578) Preclinical View Profile ](/compound/sobetirome) Free 2026 Peptide Cheat Sheet — 50 pages, PDF Reconstitution math, concentration charts, half-lives, and vendor trust tiers. 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